Cerebrovascular Disease: Challenges, Prevention and Comprehensive Care Strategies

Introduction: Cerebrovascular disease (CVD) represented one of the main challenges of modern medicine due to its high incidence, mortality and the disabilities it caused. It was the third leading cause of death and the main cause of disability worldwide, affecting both developed and developing countries. CVD was characterized by alterations in cerebral circulation that caused temporary or permanent damage to brain tissue, reflecting the need for effective preventive and treatment strategies. Development: The analysis of CVD included a focus on cerebral anatomo-physiology, where the internal carotid arteries, vertebral arteries and the polygon of Willis played an essential role in brain irrigation. Risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes, smoking and obesity significantly influenced the onset of CVD. Despite technological advances in diagnosis, such as computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, and in treatments such as anticoagulants, challenges remained in equitable access to these technologies. Primary and secondary prevention, together with rehabilitation, were essential to mitigate the sequelae of the disease. Conclusion: CVD represented a public health problem of great magnitude, whose reduction depended on an integral approach that included prevention, early diagnosis, adequate treatment and rehabilitation. Control of risk factors and promotion of healthy lifestyles were key tools. Multidisciplinary and equitable care was essential to minimize the impact of this disease on the most vulnerable populations