Pelvic Inflammatory Disease: Impact, Diagnosis and Prevention

Introduction: Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is an upper genital tract infection that mainly affects the endometrium, fallopian tubes and pelvic peritoneum. It represented one of the most common causes of morbidity in young women of reproductive age, especially between 16 and 25 years. This condition was associated with sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and risky sexual behaviors, underscoring the importance of early detection and appropriate treatment. Its initial diagnosis was challenging due to the variety of clinical presentations and the lack of reliable epidemiological data. Development: PID, in most cases, was caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis, although it also involved microorganisms of the vaginal flora. The disease presented a multifactorial etiology, aggravated by risk factors such as multiple sexual partners, inadequate use of contraceptives and invasive gynecological procedures. Progression of the infection to the upper tract led to complications such as infertility, chronic pelvic pain and ectopic pregnancies. Timely identification of risk factors and the application of diagnostic tools, such as ultrasound and laparoscopy, were essential to reduce serious sequelae. Conclusions: Prevention emerged as the most effective strategy against PID, with comprehensive sexual education and access to barrier contraceptive methods standing out. Multidisciplinary care improved clinical outcomes and reduced the impact of this disease. In addition, the strengthening of health systems and awareness campaigns contributed to reducing incidence and long-term complications