Evolution and Challenges of Dental Prostheses

Oral health, defined by WHO as an integral part of general wellbeing, played a key role in basic functions such as nutrition and communication. Factors such as poverty and environment significantly influenced oral health, especially in vulnerable communities. The oral microbiota was considered key to maintaining the balance of the oral ecosystem, and its disruption led to pathologies such as gingivitis and caries. Historically, dental prostheses evolved from rudimentary techniques to the use of advanced acrylic resins. These resins, although efficient and affordable, presented challenges such as porosity, which led to infections and decreased denture strength. Poor hygiene and poorly fitting dentures led to conditions such as prosthetic stomatitis, linked to biofilm accumulation and colonisation by Candida albicans. The use of denture adhesives improved functionality and comfort, but inappropriate use of denture adhesives increased the risk of plaque accumulation. Oral hygiene education and the design of preventive programmes for older populations were essential strategies to mitigate these problems. In conclusion, technical advances in dental materials, combined with preventive measures and education, were decisive in optimising oral health, reducing complications and improving quality of life, especially in disadvantaged groups.