Buccomaxillofacial Trauma in Horsemanship: Prevention and Comprehensive Management

Introduction: The study analyzed buccomaxillofacial trauma (TBF) in horseback riding, a sport that combines technical skill and inherent risk. TBFs, such as mandibular and maxillary fractures, avulsions, and dental luxations, were identified as the most common injuries due to falls, horse kicks, and collisions. These injuries not only impacted athletes physically, but also psychologically, affecting their self-esteem and confidence. The research highlighted the importance of mouthguards and helmets, although their use is not mandatory in all equestrian disciplines. Development: TBF was found to be frequent among riders and horsewomen, with a particularly high incidence in women and children. Of 20 patients evaluated, 70% had facial fractures, while the remainder suffered dental or soft tissue injuries. Most mandibular and maxillary fractures required surgical interventions such as reduction and osteosynthesis, in addition to dental rehabilitation and physiotherapy. It was also observed that dental injuries, such as dislocations and avulsions, were recurrent in falls and collisions. The use of customized mouthguards was shown to be effective in reducing the incidence of dental injuries, although it is not widely adopted. Conclusions: The study underlined the need for a comprehensive and preventive approach to horseback riding, including mandatory use of mouthguards and helmets. Multidisciplinary care, combining maxillofacial surgery, dentistry and psychological support, was highlighted as crucial for the full recovery of athletes. Finally, it was recommended to continue researching risk factors and preventive measures to improve safety in this high-impact sport