Optimization of the drinking water treatment system in Bochalema: a technical and operational proposal

Introduction: This study addressed the development of an operation and maintenance manual for the El Topacio Drinking Water Treatment Plant in the municipality of Bochalema, Norte de Santander. The importance of drinking water as a fundamental right was recognized, and it was noted that the plant faced technical and operational problems that compromised the quality of the water supplied. Development: To develop the manual, we began with a review of the Technical Regulations for the Drinking Water and Basic Sanitation Sector (RAS) and similar studies conducted in other municipalities in the country. Key concepts such as raw water, residual chlorine, preventive maintenance, and water quality were integrated. In addition, relevant background information was analyzed, showing successful experiences in improving treatment plants through technical diagnostics and maintenance strategies. The geographical, demographic, and environmental situation of the municipality was studied, identifying key aspects such as the main water resource (the Aguablanca stream) and the sources of pollution present in the area. Conclusions: The manual proved to be a technical and training tool for improving plant efficiency, standardizing procedures, and strengthening decision-making. It was adapted to the specific conditions of the territory and proposed as a basis for training operational personnel. Its correct implementation would guarantee service continuity, preserve infrastructure, and ensure sustainable access to drinking water for the population of Bochalema.