Educational Robotics in STEM Education: Approaches and Trends from an Educational Management Perspective

Introduction. Educational robotics was consolidated as a key tool in STEM education (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics), by fostering technical, cognitive, and socio-emotional skills in students. Objectives. This study aimed to conduct a systematic review of approaches and trends in the use of educational robotics within STEM learning contexts, incorporating a perspective focused on educational management. Methods. A structured literature review methodology was applied, using recognized academic databases to identify relevant studies published between 2020 and 2024. The analysis included implementation strategies, technological tools, pedagogical models, reported benefits, and challenges. Results. The findings showed that educational robotics strengthened computational thinking, problem-solving abilities, student motivation, and collaborative learning. However, persistent challenges were identified, such as unequal access to technology, the need for teacher training, and the lack of unified curricular standards, which posed significant issues for institutional management. Conclusions. It was concluded that, in addition to constructivist and inquiry-based learning approaches, emerging trends included the integration of artificial intelligence and adaptive learning environments. The findings provided valuable insights for school leaders, educators, and researchers interested in incorporating educational robotics in STEM contexts from a strategic management perspective.