Current ideas of Russian cosmologists in the context of global challenges of mankind

Background. This article analyzes the key provisions of the philosophy of Russian cosmism, which was formed in Russia in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The study covers the ideas of the leading representatives of this field — N. Fedorov, K. Tsiolkovsky, V. Vernadsky, and others. The relevance of their views is shown in the light of modern scientific and technological achievements, as well as in the context of global challenges to humanity. Purpose. The purpose of this article is to analyze the ideas of Russian cosmism, to identify their relevance in various aspects: philosophical and scientific, as well as to establish the directions for the subsequent development of these ideas in the context of advanced scientific and technological realities. Materials and methods. The study is based on the historical and philosophical method, consideration of primary sources, methods of comparative research and interpretation. An interdisciplinary analysis approach is also used, including components of futurology, bioethics, epistemology, and methodology of science. Results. The beliefs of such philosophers as N. Fedorov, K. Tsiolkovsky, and V. Vernadsky are considered. The influence of their ideas on modern philosophical, scientific, and technological approaches to the betterment of humanity, including transhumanism, bioethics, futurology, and environmental philosophy, is analyzed. Special attention is paid to the comparison of classical cosmist ideas with modern concepts in science, philosophy, and technoethics. Special attention is paid to the transhumanistic elements of the philosophy of cosmism, their influence on the development of futurology, biotechnology, and environmental thought.