Historical commentary in the Russian language lesson as a pedagogical genre

Background. The implementation of the historical approach is an important prerequisite for in‑depth study of the Russian language. Historical commentary on linguistic facts and patterns helps to understand the cause‑and‑effect relationships of those phenomena, the study of which is impossible without referring to the history of the development of the Russian language. At the same time, there are a number of issues in this area that require theoretical and practical development, in particular, the specifics of using historical commentary in the context of academic activities. Purpose. The aim of the paper is to identify the main features of historical commentary in the Russian language lesson as a speech genre of pedagogical communication. Materials and methods. The materials for the study were studies devoted to the historical coverage of the facts of the Russian language and their inclusion in the learning process in the classroom. The article uses methods of description, typologization and generalization to characterize historical commentary as a pedagogical genre in Russian language lessons. Results. The paper provides a detailed description of historical commentary in Russian language lessons as a speech genre of pedagogical communication. Its formal feature is the formalization in the form of a concise word by the teacher, and its substantive feature is the reflection of the cause‑and‑effect relationships of facts and patterns of the Russian language from the perspective of its history. It is noted that the historical commentary should be prepared in advance, have a concise form and thematic conditionality. These characteristics formed the basis of the proposed definition of historical commentary as a pedagogical genre. Of particular note is the dependence of the preparation of a historical commentary for the study of a particular topic on the age of students and their level of proficiency in the subject matter. A well‑constructed historical commentary in the lesson contributes to a more meaningful study of the Russian language, expands the linguistic horizons and forms the cultural competence of students.