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Riesgos ergonómicos y autocuidado en enfermería: revisión de literatura 2020–2024

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  • Sugey Reneé Brenes Rosales

Abstract

Los riesgos ergonómicos representan una causa significativa de trastornos musculoesqueléticos en el personal de enfermería, especialmente en contextos asistenciales con alta demanda física y organizacional. Esta revisión narrativa de literatura analiza 25 estudios publicados entre 2020 y 2024 sobre la prevalencia de lesiones, los factores de riesgo ergonómicos y las estrategias de autocuidado en enfermería. Los hallazgos muestran que la lumbalgia, tendinitis y el síndrome del túnel carpiano son las afecciones más frecuentes, asociadas a posturas inadecuadas, cargas físicas repetitivas y falta de formación ergonómica. Se identifican barreras institucionales para la implementación de programas preventivos, incluyendo la ausencia de políticas de salud ocupacional y escasa continuidad en la capacitación. Asimismo, se destaca el papel del estrés laboral como factor agravante. Se concluye que la prevención efectiva requiere un enfoque integral que combine formación continua, rediseño ergonómico y estrategias organizacionales sostenidas, especialmente en países con limitaciones estructurales.

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Handle: RePEc:cvp:jowhes:v:1:y:2024:i:1:id:9
DOI: 10.69821/jowhes.v1i1.9
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