State of the art on artificial intelligence, professional skills and employability

This essay analyzes the current state of research on the relationship between artificial intelligence, professional skills, and employability, highlighting its effects on training, job profiles, and the structure of the labor market. The reviewed literature shows that AI promotes personalized learning, the use of simulations, inclusion, and content updates, but it requires transforming educational models through continuous training, reskilling, and upskilling. In the professional sphere, automation displaces routine tasks and fosters hybrid profiles capable of monitoring, interpreting, and managing intelligent systems. Therefore, human skills such as critical thinking, creativity, communication, empathy, ethics, adaptability, and contextual judgment become increasingly important. However, the evidence also warns of risks of technological dependence, skills loss, and reduced on-the-job learning, especially among less experienced workers. In the labor market, AI can create opportunities and increase productivity, but it also intensifies wage polarization, occupational vulnerability, and inequalities between countries and social groups. The essay concludes that its benefits are not automatic, as they depend on socioeconomic conditions, educational policies, and governance frameworks. Empirical research, especially in Latin America, is needed to assess sustained impacts, emerging profiles, and equitable adoption strategies.