The impact of global warming on agricultural productivity and food security in Latin America from 2022 to 2025

This essay analyzes the impact of global warming on agricultural productivity and food security in Latin America during 2022–2025. The review shows that rising temperatures, irregular rainfall, droughts, floods, and extreme weather events reduce the yields of essential crops such as maize, rice, wheat, and ulluco. These effects are severe in rural areas, rainfed farming systems, and communities with limited financial, institutional, and technological capacity. Reduced water availability, heat stress, and soil degradation increase production costs, affect farmers' incomes, and raise food prices, exacerbating food insecurity. In response, countries in the region have implemented technological strategies, such as smart irrigation, soil moisture monitoring, biotechnology, and simulation models, in addition to traditional practices, including crop diversification, seed conservation, no-till farming, and water harvesting. However, their implementation faces economic, technical, and territorial barriers, as well as environmental risks stemming from the intensive use of agrochemicals and water resources. The study concludes that climate-smart, inclusive, and sustainable agricultural models are required, integrating technological innovation, local knowledge, and public policies adapted to each context.