Urban social resilience to flooding events in coastal cities of Peru

The study sought to analyze urban social resilience to flooding in coastal cities of Peru through a systematic narrative review of 180 sources from the Elsevier database, the Google Scholar search engine, and reports from institutions such as CENEPRED, INDECI, WMO 2025, the World Bank, and SINAGERD. Sixty-two key documents (2010-2026) were selected and thematically organized in an Excel spreadsheet. The findings revealed that community networks in Piura reduced losses by 25-40% during the 2017 El Niño event; that female leadership in the city of Trujillo resulted in a 70% rate of effective evacuations; that educational programs in Chimbote increased response times to 85-90%; and that microloans accelerated economic recovery from 6 to 12 months. These informal mechanisms overcame the limitations of SINAGERD, demonstrating the strength of endogenous social capital despite the digital divide. The findings suggest that resilience depends particularly on the local community networks that can be formed, proposing a hybrid model that integrates informal leadership with national policies to optimize climate risk management in coastal cities.