Doing science within the framework of philosophical pluralism: science from the perspective of the dialogue of knowledge

This article explores how the practice of science can be reconfigured within the framework of philosophical pluralism, proposing an enriching dialogue between modern Western sciences and the ancestral knowledge of Indigenous cultures, also known as endogenous sciences. Throughout the text, it is argued that modern science, founded on empiricism and objectivity, has been successful in developing theories and technologies, but has tended to decontextualize phenomena and exclude other forms of knowledge. In contrast, endogenous sciences, linked to the worldview of Indigenous peoples, offer a holistic and contextualized understanding that integrates nature, the spiritual, and the community. Philosophical pluralism, by recognizing the validity of diverse epistemological traditions, invites us to go beyond the univocal view of science and opens the door to an exchange of knowledge that not only enriches scientific knowledge but also promotes a more inclusive and equitable science. The article highlights the tensions that can arise in this dialogue, such as power asymmetries and the possible decontextualization of Indigenous knowledge but also highlights the opportunities this encounter offers to address global challenges such as climate change, health, and sustainability. In conclusion, the article proposes that conducting science within a framework of philosophical pluralism can lead to a more integrative science capable of addressing contemporary problems holistically, respecting epistemological and cultural diversity. Collaboration between Western and Indigenous sciences, far from being conflictual, can be a powerful tool for generating more complete and contextualized knowledge.