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Inkrementelle versus radikale Innovationen am Beispiel der Kraftwerkstechnik

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  • Rennings, Klaus
  • Markewitz, Peter
  • Vögele, Stefan

Abstract

In der Diskussion um Innovationen für eine nachhaltige Entwicklung werden häufig radikale Innovationen gefordert, damit die Transformation der Gesellschaft hin zu einem als nachhaltig empfundenen System gelingen kann. Begründet wird dies mit einer höheren Umwelteffizienz dieser Innovationen. Empirische Evidenz für diese Hypothese ist allerdings kaum zu finden. Dieses Papier prüft vor dem Hintergrund eines weltweit zunehmenden Einsatzes von Kohlekraftwerken und der dadurch zu erwarteten Umweltbelastungen die Hypothese, dass radikale Innovationen im Vergleich zu inkrementellen Innovationen überlegen sind. Anhand von Beispielen fossil befeuerter Kraftwerke wird untersucht, inwieweit sich radikale Innovationen im Kraftwerksbereich bisher durchsetzen konnten bzw. welche Hemmnisse ihnen grundsätzlich entgegenstanden. Hierzu werden u.a. die Druckkohlenstaubfeuerung als radikale Innovation und überkritische Kohlekraftwerke als inkrementelle Innovation miteinander verglichen. Anhand einer Ex-Post Analyse lässt sich für den Kraftwerksbereich zeigen, dass sich umweltfreundliche Techniken, die radikale Neuerungen darstellen, nur sehr schwer durchsetzen konnten. Die Zukunftspotenziale für radikale Innovationen auf dem Gebiet der Kraftwerkstechnik sind insbesondere aufgrund des relativ hohen Kostendrucks, der geringen Risikobereitschaft von Energieversorgungsunternehmen und der großen zeitlichen Dynamik des inkrementellen Fortschritts bei konventionellen Referenztechnologien als relativ gering anzusehen. Für zukünftige F&E-Arbeiten auf dem großtechnischen Kraftwerkssektor lässt sich folgern, dass die Wahrscheinlichkeit eines Erfolgs einer Neuentwicklung umso größer ist, je näher sie sich an den etablierten Techniklinien orientiert. Auch im Zuge der Energiemarktliberalisierung sind für diesen Technikbereich kaum radikale Neuerungen zu erwarten.

Suggested Citation

  • Rennings, Klaus & Markewitz, Peter & Vögele, Stefan, 2008. "Inkrementelle versus radikale Innovationen am Beispiel der Kraftwerkstechnik," ZEW Discussion Papers 08-087, ZEW - Leibniz Centre for European Economic Research.
  • Handle: RePEc:zbw:zewdip:7429
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Robert Hébert & Albert Link, 2006. "The Entrepreneur as Innovator," The Journal of Technology Transfer, Springer, vol. 31(5), pages 589-597, September.
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