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Auf der Suche nach einer föderativen Finanzverfassung für Europa

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  • Genser, Bernd

Abstract

Die neue Arbeitsteilung im Europäischen Binnenmarkt umfaßt auch die Zuordnung finanzpolitischer Kompetenzen an die supranationale EU-Ebene zulasten der Gebietskörperschaftsebenen in den Mitgliedsstaaten der Gemeinschaft. Aus dem EU-Vertrag lassen sich konstitutive Elemente eines Finanzverfassungssystems in der Verteilung der Staatsaufgaben, in der Verantwortung für die Kostentragung und in der Verfügungsermächtigung über eigene Staatseinnahmen im EU-Haushalt identifizieren. Reformbedarf ist sowohl im EU-Haushaltsrecht als auch in der Lastenverteilung für die Haushaltsfinanzierung gegeben. Die Übertragung der geld- und währungspolitischen Kompetenz an die EU-Ebene in der dritten Stufe der Europäischen Wirtschafts- und Währungsunion ändert die Rahmenbedingungen für die Haushalts- und Steuerpolitik in den EU-Mitggliedsstaaten und erfordert supranationale Regelungen, ohne jedoch dadurch die nationale Finanzautonomie auszuhöhlen. Aus ökonomischer Sicht könnte eine künftige EU-Finanzverfassung auf eine Harmonisierung der Gütersteuersätze verzichten, wenn die derzeit diskutierten Kommissionsvorschläge um ein beschränktes Ursprungslandsystem mit einheitlichem EU-Grenzausgleich erweitert werden. Vordringlicher steuerpolitischer Koordinierungsbedarf besteht zudem für die europäische Kapitalbesteuerung, wo die praktisch transaktionskostenfreie Kapitalmobilität verstärkt zu Steuerarbitrage und Steuerwettbewerb Anlaß gibt. Die Reformschwerpunkte für die EU-Finanzverfassung liegen daher nicht nur im EU-Haushaltsrecht und in der künftigen EU-Lastenverteilung, sondern vor allem in der Schaffung einer funktionsfähigen EU-Steuerordnung, die den geänderten Rahmenbedingungen des EU-Binnenmarktes Rechnung trägt.

Suggested Citation

  • Genser, Bernd, 1995. "Auf der Suche nach einer föderativen Finanzverfassung für Europa," Discussion Papers, Series II 290, University of Konstanz, Collaborative Research Centre (SFB) 178 "Internationalization of the Economy".
  • Handle: RePEc:zbw:kondp2:290
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    References listed on IDEAS

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