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The emergence of multinational enterprises: Simulation results

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  • Kleinert, Jörn

Abstract

In the last decades, foreign direct investment (FDI) has increased strongly among industrialised countries. U.S. companies were the first to set up foreign affiliates followed later by companies from smaller industrialised countries. This paper develops a general equilibrium model of bidirectional intra-industry FDI between industrialised countries, in which this specific time pattern emerges. In contrast to the existing literature on FDI, this paper shows that falling transport costs first lead to increased FDI activities and only later to decreased FDI. Additionally, FDI is more likely to occur in industries with differentiated products, higher scale economies on company relative to plant level, smaller inputs of intermediate goods and more differentiated intermediate goods.

Suggested Citation

  • Kleinert, Jörn, 1998. "The emergence of multinational enterprises: Simulation results," Kiel Working Papers 900, Kiel Institute for the World Economy (IfW Kiel).
    • Handle: RePEc:zbw:ifwkwp:900
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. James R. MARKUSEN, 2021. "Multinationals, Multi-Plant Economies, And The Gains From Trade," World Scientific Book Chapters, in: BROADENING TRADE THEORY Incorporating Market Realities into Traditional Models, chapter 1, pages 3-24, World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd..
    2. James R. Markusen & Anthony J. Venables, 2021. "Multinational firms and the new trade theory," World Scientific Book Chapters, in: BROADENING TRADE THEORY Incorporating Market Realities into Traditional Models, chapter 3, pages 47-67, World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd..
    3. S. Lael Brainard, 1993. "A Simple Theory of Multinational Corporations and Trade with a Trade-Off Between Proximity and Concentration," NBER Working Papers 4269, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    4. Panic, M., 1997. "The end of the nation state?," Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, Elsevier, vol. 8(1), pages 29-44, March.
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    Cited by:

    1. Kleinert Jörn, 2001. "The Time Pattern of the Internationalization of Production," German Economic Review, De Gruyter, vol. 2(1), pages 79-98, February.
    2. Kleinert, Jörn, 2000. "Globalization of the World Economy: What Happened in 1985?," Kiel Working Papers 969, Kiel Institute for the World Economy (IfW Kiel).

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    More about this item

    JEL classification:

    • F12 - International Economics - - Trade - - - Models of Trade with Imperfect Competition and Scale Economies; Fragmentation
    • F21 - International Economics - - International Factor Movements and International Business - - - International Investment; Long-Term Capital Movements
    • F23 - International Economics - - International Factor Movements and International Business - - - Multinational Firms; International Business

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