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Bedeutung der Telearbeit aktuell und nach der COVID-19 Pandemie

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  • Schwarzbauer, Wolfgang
  • Wolf, Martin

Abstract

Die im Rahmen der Bekämpfung der COVID-19 Pandemie restriktiven Maßnahmen vieler Regierungen bewirkten eine Erhöhung der Telearbeitsquote. Auch in Österreich führte dies zu einem Anstieg, im April 2020 sogar stärker als im EU-Durchschnitt. Aktuell ist der Nutzen von Telearbeit gerade vor dem Hintergrund der Erfahrungen im Frühjahr 2020 wohl weitestgehend unbestritten. Relevant ist jedoch die Frage, inwiefern es auch attraktiv für Unternehmen sein kann, Home-Office mittel- bis langfristig in verstärktem Ausmaß einzusetzen. Wesentlich hierfür ist der Effekt auf die Produktivität. Telearbeit kann die Produktivität von Unternehmen und damit der Gesamtwirtschaft steigern. Dies ist aber keineswegs allgemein gültig, sondern hängt von der Art der Tätigkeit, vom Umfang der Zeit, in derer von zuhause aus gearbeitet wird, und nicht zuletzt vom Individuum an sich ab. Deshalb kann Telearbeit nicht als Allheilmittel zur Steigerung der allgemeinen Produktivität gesehen werden, vielmehr sollte sie zielgerichtet in einzelnen Teilen von Unternehmen produktivitätssteigernd eingesetzt werden. Aus diesem Grund kann wohl ein allgemeiner Trend hin zu mehr Home-Office branchenunabhängig erwartet werden. Da Telearbeit zudem ein unternehmensspezifisches Instrument ist, wäre es zudem nicht zielführend eine branchenweite Regelung dafür oder dagegen anzustreben. Dennoch besteht aktuell hinsichtlich der Bedingungen für Telearbeit noch Handlungsbedarf, damit es Unternehmen gelingen kann, erwartbare Produktivitätseffekte in Zukunft auch tatsächlich zu realisieren. Diese umfassen eine kosteneffiziente und ökonomisch sinnvolle Forcierung des Ausbaus des Breitbandnetzes, auch und vor allem in ländlichen Gebieten. Ein weiterer Punkt, der eng in Zusammenhang mit technischen, aber auch rechtlichen Aspekten steht, ist jener der Datensicherheit. Hier sind zusätzliche Investitionen in Datensysteme und -sicherheit seitens der Unternehmen notwendig. Ein gewisses Kostenrisiko ergibt sich für Unternehmen auch aus arbeitsrechtlichen Vorschriften, vor allem, weil diese derzeit in manchen Punkten noch nicht klar sind. Hier ist allerdings Vorsicht geboten, da der Einsatz von der unternehmensspezifischen Struktur abhängt und somit bei branchenweiten Regelungen negative Folgen entstehen können.

Suggested Citation

  • Schwarzbauer, Wolfgang & Wolf, Martin, 2020. "Bedeutung der Telearbeit aktuell und nach der COVID-19 Pandemie," Policy Notes 41, EcoAustria – Institute for Economic Research.
    • Handle: RePEc:zbw:ecoapn:41
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Briglauer, Wolfgang & Stocker, Volker, 2020. "Bedeutung digitaler Infrastrukturen und Dienste und Maßnahmen zur Förderung der Resilienz in Krisenzeiten," Policy Notes 42, EcoAustria – Institute for Economic Research.

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