IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/p/zbw/bofrdp/rdp1988_006.html
   My bibliography  Save this paper

External adjustment in small open economies: Some recent experience

Author

Listed:
  • Åkerholm, Johnny

Abstract

The paper deals with the adjustment problems that small open economies face in a financially integrated world. Particular attention is paid to the assignment of different policy instruments te the achievement different policy targets. It is concluded that the· possibilities to use monetary and fiscal policy instruments are highly dependent on the flexibility of wages and prices. It is, however, likely that monetary policy has to be increasingly geared towards the containment of inflation, while fiscal pol~cy has to secure external balance. The pessibilities to maintain employment is thus largely dependent on wage and price behaviour. The adjustment process of Australia, Denmark and Sweden is analyzed in order to shed some light on the role of the policy mix and to evaluate the importance of wage and price flexibility and the factors which influence the degree of flexibility.

Suggested Citation

  • Åkerholm, Johnny, 1988. "External adjustment in small open economies: Some recent experience," Bank of Finland Research Discussion Papers 6/1988, Bank of Finland.
    • Handle: RePEc:zbw:bofrdp:rdp1988_006
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.econstor.eu/bitstream/10419/211509/1/bof-rdp1988-006.pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Rudiger Dornbusch, 1987. "Open Economy Macroeconomics: New Directions," NBER Working Papers 2372, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    2. Jacob A. Frenkel & Assaf Razin, 1987. "The Mundell-Fleming Model a Quarter Century Later: A Unified Exposition," IMF Staff Papers, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 34(4), pages 567-620, December.
    3. Jeffrey Sachs, 1980. "Wages, Flexible Exchange Rates, and Macroeconomic Policy," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, President and Fellows of Harvard College, vol. 94(4), pages 731-747.
    4. Jacob A. Frenkel & Assaf Razin, 1987. "The Mundell-Flemming Model: A Quarter Century Later," NBER Working Papers 2321, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    5. Martine Durand, 1986. "Method of Calculating Effective Exchange Rates and Indicators of Competitiveness," OECD Economics Department Working Papers 29, OECD Publishing.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Åkerholm, Johnny, 1988. "External adjustment in small open economies : Some recent experience," Research Discussion Papers 6/1988, Bank of Finland.
    2. repec:zbw:bofrdp:1988_006 is not listed on IDEAS
    3. Fels, Joachim, 1989. "Konjunkturzusammenhang und Politikautonomie bei flexiblen Wechselkursen: Die Erfahrungen der Bundesrepublik Deutschland seit 1973," Kiel Working Papers 362, Kiel Institute for the World Economy (IfW Kiel).
    4. repec:zbw:bofrdp:1991_012 is not listed on IDEAS
    5. repec:zbw:bofrdp:1988_033 is not listed on IDEAS
    6. Hochreiter, Eduard & Knöbl, Adalbert, 1991. "Exchange rate policy of Austria and Finland : Two examples of a peg," Research Discussion Papers 12/1991, Bank of Finland.
    7. Kırca, Mustafa & Karagöl, Veysel, 2019. "Symmetric and asymmetric causality between current account balance and oil prices: The case of BRICS-T," Applied Econometrics, Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (RANEPA), vol. 56, pages 25-44.
    8. Maurice Obstfeld, 2001. "International Macroeconomics: Beyond the Mundell-Fleming Model," NBER Working Papers 8369, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    9. Henry Thompson, 2021. "An income determination model for Greece in the Euro Zone," Australian Economic Papers, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 60(4), pages 664-673, December.
    10. Domenico Sartore & Lucia Trevisan & Michele Trova & Francesca Volo, 2002. "US dollar/Euro exchange rate: a monthly econometric model for forecasting," The European Journal of Finance, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 8(4), pages 480-501.
    11. James M. Boughton, 2003. "On the Origins of the Fleming-Mundell Model," IMF Staff Papers, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 50(1), pages 1-1.
    12. Adrian W. Throop, 1989. "Fiscal policy, the dollar, and international trade: a synthesis of two views," Economic Review, Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco, issue Sum, pages 27-44.
    13. Jacob A. Frenkel & Morris Goldstein & Paul R. Masson, 2017. "The Rationale for, and Effects of, International Economic Policy Coordination," World Scientific Book Chapters, in: TRADE CURRENCIES AND FINANCE, chapter 7, pages 241-298, World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd..
    14. Yiping Huang & Peichu Xie & Jiao Wang, 2014. "International Transmission of the People's Bank of China's Balance Sheet Expansion," Asian Economic Policy Review, Japan Center for Economic Research, vol. 9(2), pages 276-296, July.
    15. Slim, Sadri, 2015. "Un modelo Mundell-Fleming con economía ilegal y lavado de dinero [Modeling illegal economy and money laundering: a Mundell-Fleming framework]," MPRA Paper 64675, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    16. Lee, Suzanne S. & Wang, Minho, 2020. "Tales of tails: Jumps in currency markets," Journal of Financial Markets, Elsevier, vol. 48(C).
    17. Thi Bich Ngoc Tran & Hoang Cam Huong Pham, 2020. "The Spillover Effects of the US Unconventional Monetary Policy: New Evidence from Asian Developing Countries," JRFM, MDPI, vol. 13(8), pages 1-26, July.
    18. Saeidinezhad, Elham, 2014. "The International Spillover of Fiscal and Technology Shocks before the Crisis: The case of the UK and Italy," MPRA Paper 98556, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    19. Thompson, Henry, 2018. "A macroeconomic model for a small member of a monetary union," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 56(C), pages 564-567.
    20. Springer, K.A., 1989. "Disequilibrium theory in the open economy and the unemployment problem : a survey," Serie Research Memoranda 0089, VU University Amsterdam, Faculty of Economics, Business Administration and Econometrics.
    21. Kotilainen, Markku, . "Exchange Rate Unions: A Comparison with Currency Basket and Floating Rate Regimes," ETLA A, The Research Institute of the Finnish Economy, number 21.
    22. Fels, Joachim, 1990. "Flexible exchange rates and insulation: A reexamination," Kiel Working Papers 444, Kiel Institute for the World Economy (IfW Kiel).
    23. Kotilainen, Markku & Peura, Tapio, 1988. "Finland's exchange rate regime and European integration," Research Discussion Papers 33/1988, Bank of Finland.

    More about this item

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:zbw:bofrdp:rdp1988_006. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://edirc.repec.org/data/bofgvfi.html .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.