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Eficiência relativa dos setores econômicos de Minas Gerais: uma aplicação do modelo DEA na matriz insumo-produto

Author

Listed:
  • Eduardo Belisario Finamore
  • Adriano Provezano Gomes
  • Roberto Serpa Dias
  • Matheus Alves Dias

Abstract

O crescimento econômico tem sido uma das grandes questões da sociedade atual. Desde 2008 as grandes potências vêm enfrentando dificuldades para retornar ao ciclo de desenvolvimento pelo qual passavam antes da crise mundial afetando os países emergentes que, por sua vez, devem buscar uma maior eficiência para enfrentar o cenário de maior competição econômica global. Nesse contexto, esse trabalho preocupa-se com a seguinte questão: do ponto de vista social, quais setores da economia apresentam uma melhor combinação no uso dos insumos disponíveis na sociedade para a obtenção de sua produção, de forma que a acumulação de capital seja obtida do modo mais eficiente possível? Para estudar essa questão, foi analisado o Estado de Minas Gerais, terceira maior economia dentre os Estados brasileiros. O objetivo é avaliar quais são os setores econômicos mais eficientes na geração de capital e qual o impacto no Valor Bruto da Produção estadual, caso todos os setores produzissem de forma eficiente. Para a medida de eficiência setorial foi utilizada a Análise Envoltória de Dados (DEA), uma abordagem não-paramétrica que analisa a conversão de insumos em produtos, que permite quantificar a quantidade de produtos que pode ser expandida sem a necessidade de mais insumos, considerando que existem unidades eficientes que conseguem fazê-lo. Os dados utilizados foram retirados da matriz insumo-produto do estado de Minas Gerais, representando as relações de compra e venda de 35 setores. Os setores foram agrupados em 4 grupos: agricultura, agroindústria, indústria e serviços. Inicialmente, foram calculadas as medidas de eficiência para todos os setores. Considerando um modelo com retornos variáveis, isto é, sem a influência da escala de produção, 13 setores foram considerados eficientes. Tomando-se como referência os setores mais eficientes, a metodologia DEA permite projetar o valor da produção que poderia ser obtido nos setores que apresentaram ineficiência técnica. Caso todos os setores operassem de forma equivalente, isto é, com a mesma eficiência em transformar capital em mais capital, o valor bruto da produção em Minas Gerais poderia crescer em até 40%. Após agregar os setores econômicos, verificou-se que, em média, os setores ligados à agropecuária são os mais eficientes, seguidos dos setores de serviço, da agroindústria e, por fim, da indústria. Considerando os resultados da simulação com orientação produto, ou seja, eliminar as ineficiências com aumento da produção, mantendo constante o uso dos insumos, percebe-se que para a convergência de eficiência entre os setores, a indústria deveria aumentar sua produção em 77,8%, a agroindústria em 54,3%, o setor de serviços em 12,6% e a agropecuária em 9,1%. As simulações mostram o potencial de economia de recursos com a eliminação das ineficiências técnicas de produção, ou ainda uma reorganização produtiva, com a alocação de novos investimentos nos setores mais eficientes.

Suggested Citation

  • Eduardo Belisario Finamore & Adriano Provezano Gomes & Roberto Serpa Dias & Matheus Alves Dias, 2015. "Eficiência relativa dos setores econômicos de Minas Gerais: uma aplicação do modelo DEA na matriz insumo-produto," ERSA conference papers ersa15p1229, European Regional Science Association.
  • Handle: RePEc:wiw:wiwrsa:ersa15p1229
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Forecasting and Simulation: Models and Applications; Input?Output Models;

    JEL classification:

    • E17 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - General Aggregative Models - - - Forecasting and Simulation: Models and Applications
    • C67 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Mathematical Methods; Programming Models; Mathematical and Simulation Modeling - - - Input-Output Models

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