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Trends in nontariff barriers of developed countries : 1966-1986

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  • Laird, Sam
  • Yeats, Alexander

Abstract

While major concerns have been expressed about the spread of non-tariff barriers (NTBs) in developing countries, the lack of empirical information on the dimensions of the increase has affected the related policy debates. Using inventories of NTBs in developed countries compiled for 1966 and 1986, this study develops quantitative information on the major expansions of NTBs that occurred over this 20 year period. The paper finds that in 1966 NTBs affected 25 percent of developed countries imports, while in 1986 this share has increased to 48 percent. A second major point documented in the study is that the spread of NTBs has been uneven across countries and industrial sectors. Third, this study shows that the increased resort to discriminatory NTBs like"voluntary"export restraints (particularly in the U.S.) caused a significantly higher share of trade to be"affected"by NTBs than suggested by commonly used trade coverage ratios. The findings concerning the extent that NTBs have proliferated in some sectors (and countries) also increases the importance of establishing effective procedures for liberalization of these measures in multilateral trade negotiations like the Uruguay Round.

Suggested Citation

  • Laird, Sam & Yeats, Alexander, 1988. "Trends in nontariff barriers of developed countries : 1966-1986," Policy Research Working Paper Series 137, The World Bank.
    • Handle: RePEc:wbk:wbrwps:137
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Messerlin, Patrick, 1988. "Antidumping laws and developing countries," Policy Research Working Paper Series 16, The World Bank.
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    Cited by:

    1. Raul Serrano & Vicente Pinilla, 2010. "Causes of world trade growth in agricultural and food products, 1951-2000: a demand function approach," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 42(27), pages 3503-3518.
    2. I. M. Destler, 1991. "U.S. Trade Policy-making in the Eighties," NBER Chapters, in: Politics and Economics in the Eighties, pages 251-284, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    3. Raúl Serranoa & Vicente Pinilla, 2010. "The Evolution and Changing Geographical Structure of World Agri-food Trade, 1950-2000," Working Papers 10-06, Association Française de Cliométrie (AFC).

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