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Democracy clusters and patterns of inequality: A k-means approach

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  • Klarizze Anne Martin Puzon

Abstract

This paper employs k-means clustering, a multidimensional pattern recognition method, to categorize countries using information from five Varieties of Democracy indices. K-means country clusters are similar but not entirely identical to both k-medians clusters and arbitrary groups formed using only one measure, namely the liberal democracy index. Simple correlations with different inequality measures yield varying results. Despite having higher absolute inequality, country clusters with extremely high levels of democracy are characterized by lower relative inequality.

Suggested Citation

  • Klarizze Anne Martin Puzon, 2023. "Democracy clusters and patterns of inequality: A k-means approach," WIDER Working Paper Series wp-2023-72, World Institute for Development Economic Research (UNU-WIDER).
    • Handle: RePEc:unu:wpaper:wp-2023-72
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Don J. Webber & Andrew Mearman, 2012. "Students’ perceptions of economics: identifying demand for further study," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 44(9), pages 1121-1132, March.
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