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Adoption of Electric Vehicle in the Netherlands – A Stated Choice Experiment

Author

Listed:
  • M. Bockarjova

    (VU University Amsterdam)

  • P. Rietveld

    (VU University Amsterdam)

  • J.S.A. Knockaert

    (VU University Amsterdam)

Abstract

In this paper, we apply a dynamic innovation diffusion framework to model adoption of full electric vehicles where we explicitly distinguish three major phases of adoption: introduction, growth and maturity. We combine this approach with an SP study to elicit individual preferences for conventional, hybrid and full electric vehicles. We apply a nested logit model to estimate the preferences for EVs based on the total costs of ownership approach that includes monetary and non-monetary costs of owing a vehicle. With negative estimates of WTP for hybrid vehicles (of about €900 on a yearly basis), our results suggest abolishment of subsidization of hybrid vehicles as they potentially crowd out EV adoption. Besides, EVs need to be subsidized on average at €2,000 per year, and this amount is decreasing in the process of vehicle adoption. Time costs associated with rapid charging are a substantial hindrance to EV adoption with average value of time of €63 per hour, increasing for each subsequent consumer segment from €48 to €122 per hour. Environmental costs of CO2 reductions are valued far above the market average at €160 per ton, but determine EV choices only at a later stage of adoption. Finally, towing potential is valued on average at €540 per year and it is about the same for all consumer segments throughout the adoption phases. Policy implications are discussed involving a mix of structural and monetary incentives.

Suggested Citation

  • M. Bockarjova & P. Rietveld & J.S.A. Knockaert, 2013. "Adoption of Electric Vehicle in the Netherlands – A Stated Choice Experiment," Tinbergen Institute Discussion Papers 13-100/VIII, Tinbergen Institute, revised 01 Aug 2013.
    • Handle: RePEc:tin:wpaper:20130100
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Wen, Le & Sheng, Mingyue Selena & Sharp, Basil & Meng, Tongyu & Du, Bo & Yi, Ming & Suomalainen, Kiti & Gkritza, Konstantina, 2023. "Exploration of the nexus between solar potential and electric vehicle uptake: A case study of Auckland, New Zealand," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 173(C).
    2. Mukherjee, Sanghamitra Chattopadhyay & Ryan, Lisa, 2020. "Factors influencing early battery electric vehicle adoption in Ireland," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 118(C).
    3. Bigerna, S. & Bollino, C.A. & Micheli, S. & Polinori, P., 2017. "Revealed and stated preferences for CO2 emissions reduction: The missing link," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 68(P2), pages 1213-1221.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    stated preferences; revealed preferences; non-monetary costs; innovation;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • C01 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - General - - - Econometrics
    • C33 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Multiple or Simultaneous Equation Models; Multiple Variables - - - Models with Panel Data; Spatio-temporal Models
    • D12 - Microeconomics - - Household Behavior - - - Consumer Economics: Empirical Analysis
    • D49 - Microeconomics - - Market Structure, Pricing, and Design - - - Other
    • D91 - Microeconomics - - Micro-Based Behavioral Economics - - - Role and Effects of Psychological, Emotional, Social, and Cognitive Factors on Decision Making
    • R41 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - Transportation Economics - - - Transportation: Demand, Supply, and Congestion; Travel Time; Safety and Accidents; Transportation Noise

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