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Q Theory Without Adjustment Costs & Cash Flow Effects Without Financing Constraints

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Author Info
Janice C. Eberly
Andrew B. Abel

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Abstract

Tobin's Q exceeds one, even without any adjustment costs, for a firm that earns rents as a result of monopoly power or of decreasing returns to scale in production. Even when there are no adjustment costs and marginal Q is always equal to one, Tobin's Q is informative about the firm's growth prospects. We show that investment is positively related to Tobin's Q (which is observable average Q). This effect can be quantitatively small, which has been taken as evidence of very high adjustment costs in the empirical literature, but here is consistent with no adjustment costs at all. In addition, cash flow has a positive effect on investment, and this effect is larger for smaller, faster growing and more volatile firms, even though capital markets are perfect. These results provide a new theoretical foundation for Q theory and also cast doubt on evidence of financing constraints based on cash flow effects on investment

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Publisher Info
Paper provided by Society for Economic Dynamics in its series 2004 Meeting Papers with number 205.

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Date of creation: 2004
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Handle: RePEc:red:sed004:205

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Related research
Keywords: Q Theory; Cash Flow; Investment;

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Find related papers by JEL classification:
E22 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Macroeconomics: Consumption, Saving, Production, Employment, and Investment - - - Capital; Investment; Capacity

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  1. Andrea Caggese, 2003. "Testing Financing Constraints on Firm Investment using Variable Capital," Economics Working Papers 1009, Department of Economics and Business, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, revised Aug 2006. [Downloadable!]
    Other versions:
  2. Joerg Breitung & Robert Chirinko & Ulf von Kalckreuth, 2003. "A Vectorautoregressive Investment Model (VIM) And Monetary Policy Transmission: Panel Evidence From German Firms," Emory Economics 0307, Department of Economics, Emory University (Atlanta). [Downloadable!]
    Other versions:
  3. Jean-Bernard Chatelain, 2003. "Structural Modelling of FinancialConstraints on Investment: Where Do WeStand?," Post-Print halshs-00112522_v1, HAL. [Downloadable!]
  4. Jonathan N. Millar, 2005. "Gestation lags for capital, cash flows, and Tobin's Q," Finance and Economics Discussion Series 2005-24, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (U.S.). [Downloadable!]
  5. Bo Becker & Jagadeesh Sivadasan, 2006. "The effect of financial development on the investment-cash flow relationship - cross-country evidence from Europe," Working Paper Series 689, European Central Bank. [Downloadable!]
  6. Simon Price & Christoph Schleicher, . "Returns to equity, investment and Q: evidence from the United Kingdom," Bank of England working papers 310, Bank of England. [Downloadable!]
  7. Guido Lorenzoni & Karl Walentin, 2007. "Financial Frictions, Investment and Tobin's q," NBER Working Papers 13092, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
    Other versions:
  8. Martin D. Dietz, 2004. "Dividend and Capital Gains Taxation in a Cross-Section of Firms," Public Economics 0405004, EconWPA. [Downloadable!]
  9. Kalckreuth, Ulf von, 2008. "Financing constraints, firm level adjustment of capital and aggregate implications," Discussion Paper Series 1: Economic Studies 2008,11, Deutsche Bundesbank, Research Centre. [Downloadable!]
  10. Janice Eberly & Sergio Rebelo & Nicolas Vincent, 2008. "Investment and Value: A Neoclassical Benchmark," Cahiers de recherche 08-03, HEC Montréal, Institut d'économie appliquée. [Downloadable!]
    Other versions:
  11. Russell Cooper & Joao Ejarque, 2003. "Financial Frictions and Investment: Requiem in Q," Review of Economic Dynamics, Elsevier for the Society for Economic Dynamics, vol. 6(4), pages 710-728, October. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  12. Charlie Weir & David Laing, 2003. "Ownership structure, board composition and the market for corporate control in the UK: an empirical analysis," Applied Economics, Taylor and Francis Journals, vol. 35(16), pages 1747-1759, November. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  13. Jean-Bernard Chatelain, 2002. "Structural modelling of investment and financial constraints: Where do we stand?," Research series 200205-9, National Bank of Belgium. [Downloadable!]
  14. Katsuya Takii, 2005. "Limited Attention, Interaction and the Growth of a Firm," Macroeconomics 0506005, EconWPA. [Downloadable!]
  15. William M. Gentry & Christopher J. Mayer, 2003. "What Can We Learn About the Sensitivity of Investment to Stock Prices with a Better Measure of Tobin's q?," Department of Economics Working Papers 196, Department of Economics, Williams College. [Downloadable!]
  16. Stephen Bond & Dietmar Harhoff & John Van Reenen, 2003. "Investment, R&D and Financial Constraints in Britain and Germany," CEP Discussion Papers dp0595, Centre for Economic Performance, LSE. [Downloadable!]
    Other versions:
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