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The legacy of Confucianism in gender inequality in Vietnam

Author

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  • Vu, Tien Manh
  • Yamada, Hiroyuki

Abstract

We quantified influences of Confucianism on gender inequality in present-day Vietnam. We used the number (or density) of the most successful test takers in the Vietnamese imperial examinations (1075–1919) in a given district as a proxy for mastering the subject of Confucianism. Using an instrumental variable approach, we considered possible impacts on sex ratio and educational attainment of women relative to men, based on test score and population census data. We found that Confucianism has a long lasting impact on gender inequality. However, the results also suggested that women tended to try harder, perhaps as a countermeasure against discrimination.

Suggested Citation

  • Vu, Tien Manh & Yamada, Hiroyuki, 2020. "The legacy of Confucianism in gender inequality in Vietnam," MPRA Paper 101487, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    • Handle: RePEc:pra:mprapa:101487
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Tien M. Vu & Hiroyuki Yamada, 2018. "Decomposing Vietnamese gender equality in terms of wage distribution," Pacific Economic Review, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 23(5), pages 705-731, December.
    2. Alberto Alesina & Nicola Fuchs-Schundeln, 2005. "Good bye Lenin (or not?): The effect of Communism on people's preferences," Harvard Institute of Economic Research Working Papers 2076, Harvard - Institute of Economic Research.
    3. Vu, Tien Manh & Yamada, Hiroyuki, 2020. "Sex Ratio and Religion in Vietnam," AGI Working Paper Series 2020-03, Asian Growth Research Institute.
    4. Tien Manh Vu, 2019. "Home Appliances And Gender Gap Of Time Spent On Unpaid Housework: Evidence Using Household Data From Vietnam," The Singapore Economic Review (SER), World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., vol. 64(01), pages 97-114, March.
    5. Tien Manh Vu & Hiroyuki Yamada, 2020. "Persistent legacy of the 1075-1919 Vietnamese imperial examinations in contemporary quantity and quality of education," Keio-IES Discussion Paper Series 2020-012, Institute for Economics Studies, Keio University.
    6. Monica Das Gupta & Jiang Zhenghua & Li Bohua & Xie Zhenming & Woojin Chung & Bae Hwa-Ok, 2003. "Why is Son preference so persistent in East and South Asia? a cross-country study of China, India and the Republic of Korea," Journal of Development Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 40(2), pages 153-187.
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    11. Kelly, Morgan, 2019. "The Standard Errors of Persistence," CEPR Discussion Papers 13783, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
    12. Colella, Fabrizio & Lalive, Rafael & Sakalli, Seyhun Orcan & Thoenig, Mathias, 2019. "Inference with Arbitrary Clustering," IZA Discussion Papers 12584, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Confucianism; Gender inequality; Sex ratio; Education; Vietnam;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • I14 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Health - - - Health and Inequality
    • I24 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Education - - - Education and Inequality
    • J16 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demographic Economics - - - Economics of Gender; Non-labor Discrimination
    • N35 - Economic History - - Labor and Consumers, Demography, Education, Health, Welfare, Income, Wealth, Religion, and Philanthropy - - - Asia including Middle East
    • Z1 - Other Special Topics - - Cultural Economics

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