IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/p/osf/osfxxx/fgd4e.html
   My bibliography  Save this paper

Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) in Quantitative Researches and Practical Considerations

Author

Listed:
  • Sürücü, Lütfi
  • YIKILMAZ, İbrahim
  • MASLAKÇI, Ahmet

Abstract

Explanatory factor analysis (EFA) is a multivariate statistical method frequently used in quantitative research and has begun to be used in many fields such as social sciences, health sciences and economics. With EFA, researchers focus on fewer items that explain the structure, instead of considering too many items that may be unimportant and carry out their studies by placing these items into meaningful categories (factors). However, for over sixty years, many researchers have made different recommendations about when and how to use EFA. Differences in these recommendations confuse the use of EFA. The main topics of discussion are sample size, number of items, item extraction methods, factor retention criteria, rotation methods and general applicability of the applied procedures. The abundance of these discussions and opinions in the literature makes it difficult for researchers to decide which procedures to follow in EFA. For this reason, it would be beneficial for researchers to gather different information about the general procedures (sample number, rotation methods, etc.) in the use of EFA. This paper aims to provide readers with an overview of what procedures to follow when implementing EFA and share practical information about the latest developments in methodological decisions in the EFA process. It is considered that the study will be an important guide for the researchers in the development of clear decision paths in the use of EFA, with the aspect of presenting the most up-to-date information collectively.

Suggested Citation

  • Sürücü, Lütfi & YIKILMAZ, İbrahim & MASLAKÇI, Ahmet, 2022. "Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) in Quantitative Researches and Practical Considerations," OSF Preprints fgd4e, Center for Open Science.
    • Handle: RePEc:osf:osfxxx:fgd4e
    DOI: 10.31219/osf.io/fgd4e
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://osf.io/download/639210f0f9fa23095eacfe9b/
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.31219/osf.io/fgd4e?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. I. T. Jolliffe, 1972. "Discarding Variables in a Principal Component Analysis. I: Artificial Data," Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series C, Royal Statistical Society, vol. 21(2), pages 160-173, June.
    2. Haitovsky, Yoel, 1969. "Multicollinearity in Regression Analysis: Comment," The Review of Economics and Statistics, MIT Press, vol. 51(4), pages 486-489, November.
    3. Wayne Velicer, 1976. "Determining the number of components from the matrix of partial correlations," Psychometrika, Springer;The Psychometric Society, vol. 41(3), pages 321-327, September.
    4. J. C.F. de Winter & D. Dodou, 2012. "Factor recovery by principal axis factoring and maximum likelihood factor analysis as a function of factor pattern and sample size," Journal of Applied Statistics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 39(4), pages 695-710, August.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Chunmin Lang & Ruirui Zhang, 2024. "Motivators of Circular Fashion: The Antecedents of Chinese Consumers’ Fashion Renting Intentions," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(5), pages 1-17, March.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Cumming, J.A. & Wooff, D.A., 2007. "Dimension reduction via principal variables," Computational Statistics & Data Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 52(1), pages 550-565, September.
    2. Ferre, Louis, 1995. "Selection of components in principal component analysis: A comparison of methods," Computational Statistics & Data Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 19(6), pages 669-682, June.
    3. Stevanovic Dalibor, 2016. "Common time variation of parameters in reduced-form macroeconomic models," Studies in Nonlinear Dynamics & Econometrics, De Gruyter, vol. 20(2), pages 159-183, April.
    4. Hertrich Markus, 2019. "A Novel Housing Price Misalignment Indicator for Germany," German Economic Review, De Gruyter, vol. 20(4), pages 759-794, December.
    5. Orazio Attanasio & Sarah Cattan & Emla Fitzsimons & Costas Meghir & Marta Rubio-Codina, 2020. "Estimating the Production Function for Human Capital: Results from a Randomized Controlled Trial in Colombia," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 110(1), pages 48-85, January.
    6. Pushkarskaya, Helen & Fortunato, Michael W.-P. & Breazeale, Nicole & Just, David R., 2021. "Enhancing measures of ESE to incorporate aspects of place: Personal reputation and place-based social legitimacy," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 36(3).
    7. Colosimo Bianca Maria & Moya Ester Gutierrez & Moroni Giovanni & Petrò Stefano, 2008. "Statistical Sampling Strategies for Geometric Tolerance Inspection by CMM," Stochastics and Quality Control, De Gruyter, vol. 23(1), pages 109-121, January.
    8. Zaitun Mohd Saman & Ab Hamid Siti-Azrin & Azizah Othman & Yee Cheng Kueh, 2021. "The Validity and Reliability of the Malay Version of the Cyberbullying Scale among Secondary School Adolescents in Malaysia," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(21), pages 1-12, November.
    9. Saliha Anwar & Tayyaba Rafique, 2022. "Development Of Service Quality Scale In Online Higher Education," Bulletin of Business and Economics (BBE), Research Foundation for Humanity (RFH), vol. 11(1), pages 53-62, March.
    10. Fernando Bucheli, 2021. "Before Entering Adulthood: Developing an Index of Capabilities for Young Adults in Bogota," Applied Research in Quality of Life, Springer;International Society for Quality-of-Life Studies, vol. 16(3), pages 965-1002, June.
    11. David A. Belsley, 1976. "Multicollinearity: Diagnosing its Presence and Assessing the Potential Damage It Causes Least Squares Estimation," NBER Working Papers 0154, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    12. Marie-Aude Abid-Dupont & Jean-Louis Chandon, 2013. "Building trust with subordinates: the role of the context in leadership effectiveness [Construire la confiance des subordonnés : le rôle du contexte dans l’efficacité du leadership]," Working Papers hal-01167300, HAL.
    13. Attanasio, Orazio & Cattan, Sarah & Fitzsimons, Emla & Meghir, Costas & Rubio-Codina, Marta, 2015. "Estimating the Production Function for Human Capital: Results from a Randomized Control Trial in Colombia," IZA Discussion Papers 8856, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    14. Izani Ibrahim & Craig MacPhee, 2003. "Export externalities and economic growth," The Journal of International Trade & Economic Development, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 12(3), pages 257-283.
    15. McQueen, Michael & Clifton, Kelly J., 2022. "Assessing the perception of E-scooters as a practical and equitable first-mile/last-mile solution," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 165(C), pages 395-418.
    16. Hauck, Jana & Suess-Reyes, Julia & Beck, Susanne & Prügl, Reinhard & Frank, Hermann, 2016. "Measuring socioemotional wealth in family-owned and -managed firms: A validation and short form of the FIBER Scale," Journal of Family Business Strategy, Elsevier, vol. 7(3), pages 133-148.
    17. Collison, Katherine L. & Miller, Joshua D. & Gaughan, Eric T. & Widiger, Thomas A. & Lynam, Donald R., 2016. "Development and validation of the super-short form of the Elemental Psychopathy Assessment," Journal of Criminal Justice, Elsevier, vol. 47(C), pages 143-150.
    18. Francisco J. Conejo & Lawrence F. Cunningham & Clifford E. Young, 2020. "Revisiting the Brand Luxury Index: new empirical evidence and future directions," Journal of Brand Management, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 27(1), pages 108-122, January.
    19. Hatem Jemmali & Mohamed Salah Matoussi, 2012. "A Multidimensional Analysis of Water Poverty at A Local Scale- Application of Improved Water Poverty Index for Tunisia," Working Papers 730, Economic Research Forum, revised 2012.
    20. Volker G. Kuppelwieser & Aleksa-Carina Putinas & Marina Bastounis, 2019. "Toward Application and Testing of Measurement Scales and an Example," Sociological Methods & Research, , vol. 48(2), pages 326-349, May.

    More about this item

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:osf:osfxxx:fgd4e. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: OSF (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://osf.io/preprints/ .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.