IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/p/osf/africa/hvrtm.html
   My bibliography  Save this paper

Pas de changement en vue : Le développement politique et socio-économique du Togo (2017 - 2019)

Author

Listed:
  • Kohnert, Dirk

    (GIGA - German Institute of Global and Area Studies, Hamburg)

Abstract

ABSTRACT & RÉSUMÉ : The Gnassingbé clan has ruled the country since 1967. The demand for political alternance, initiated by institutional and electoral reforms, constituted the major contentious issue between the government and the challengers of the Gnassingbé regime throughout the survey period. An alliance of opposition parties and civil society groups organized peaceful demonstrations in opposition to the regime, which were often violently suppressed. Civil society organizations and representatives of the Christian church supported the demands of the opposition. The legislative elections of 20 December 2018, boycotted by the major opposition parties, resulted in an easy victory of the ruling party. The local elections, crucial for democratization at the grass-roots, but postponed time and again since 1987, were again postponed in December 2018 sine die. The human rights record of the government has improved but remains poor. Despite undeniable improvements to the framework and appearance of the regime's key institutions during the review period, democracy remains far from complete. However, the international community, notably Togo’s African peers, the AU and CEDEAO, followed a ‘laissez-faire’ approach in the interests of regional stability and their national interests in dealing with Togo. Economic growth remained stable at about 5% per annum. Public investment in infrastructure (e.g. roads, harbour) and increases in agricultural productivity, notably of export crops, had been the key drivers of economic growth. However, growth remains vulnerable to external shocks and the climate and has not been inclusive. Positive growth was overshadowed by increasing inter-personal and regional inequality as well as an increase in extreme poverty. Moreover, money-laundering, illegal money transfers and trafficking grew alarmingly. The business climate improved considerably nevertheless. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- RÉSUMÉ : Le clan Gnassingbé dirige le pays depuis 1967. La demande d'alternance politique, initiée par des réformes institutionnelles et électorales, a constitué le principal différend entre le gouvernement et les rivaux du régime de Gnassingbé tout au long de la période d'enquête. Une alliance de partis d'opposition et de groupes de la société civile a organisé des manifestations pacifiques contre le régime, qui ont souvent été réprimées avec violence. Les élections législatives du 20 décembre 2018, boycottées par les principaux partis de l'opposition, ont permis une victoire facile du parti au pouvoir. Malgré des améliorations indéniables du cadre et de l’apparence des principales institutions du régime au cours de la période considérée, la démocratie est loin d’être achevée. Cependant, la communauté internationale, notamment l’UA et la CEDEAO, ont adoptées une approche de «laisser-faire» dans l’intérêt de la stabilité régionale. Les investissements publics dans les infrastructures, par exemple, les routes et les ports, et l’augmentation de la productivité agricole, notamment des cultures d’exportation, ont été les principaux moteurs de la croissance économique. Cependant, la croissance reste vulnérable aux chocs extérieurs et au climat. La croissance positive a été éclipsée par l'augmentation des inégalités interpersonnelles et régionales ainsi que par l'augmentation de l'extrême pauvreté. En outre, le blanchiment d’argent, les transferts d’argent illégal et le trafic se sont multipliés de manière alarmante.

Suggested Citation

  • Kohnert, Dirk, 2019. "Pas de changement en vue : Le développement politique et socio-économique du Togo (2017 - 2019)," AfricArxiv hvrtm, Center for Open Science.
  • Handle: RePEc:osf:africa:hvrtm
    DOI: 10.31219/osf.io/hvrtm
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://osf.io/download/5db31e18743c23000ba1a43d/
    Download Restriction: no

    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.31219/osf.io/hvrtm?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    Other versions of this item:

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Kohnert, Dirk, 2017. "Togo: Political and Socio-Economic Development (2015 – 2017)," EconStor Open Access Articles and Book Chapters, ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics.
    2. World Bank, 2018. "Doing Business 2018," World Bank Publications - Books, The World Bank Group, number 28608, December.
    3. Breuer, Anita & Blomenkemper, Laura & Kliesch, Stefan & Salzer, Franziska & Schädler, Manuel & Schweinfurth, Valentine & Virchow, Stephen, 2017. "Decentralisation in Togo: the contribution of ICT-based participatory development approaches to strengthening local governance," IDOS Discussion Papers 6/2017, German Institute of Development and Sustainability (IDOS).
    4. Akoété Ega Agbodji & Yélé Maweki Batana & Dénis Ouedraogo, 2015. "Gender inequality in multidimensional welfare deprivation in West Africa," International Journal of Social Economics, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, vol. 42(11), pages 980-1004, November.
    5. Kohnert, Dirk, 2014. "African Agency and EU-African Economic Partnership Agreements," EconStor Open Access Articles and Book Chapters, ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics, vol. 49(3), pages 149-155.
    6. Kohnert, Dirk, 2011. "Togo: Thorny transitions and misguided aid at the roots of economic misery," EconStor Open Access Articles and Book Chapters, ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics, pages 179-210.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Kohnert, Dirk, 2020. "BTI 2021 -Togo Country Report [author's version]," MPRA Paper 103792, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    2. Kohnert, Dirk, 2021. "Togo (2019 -2021) : Développement politique et socio-économique [Version étendue et annotée du « BTI 2022 - Togo Country Report »] [BTI 2022 - Togo Country Report]," MPRA Paper 105463, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    3. Kohnert, Dirk, 2020. "BTI -2022 Togo Country Report : political and socio-economic development, 2019-2020 [enhanced author's version]," MPRA Paper 105007, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    4. Kohnert, Dirk, 2020. "No change in sight - Togo’s Political and Socio-Economic Development (2017 – 2019)," EconStor Open Access Articles and Book Chapters, ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics.
    5. Kohnert, Dirk, 2019. "Togo - 2018: Domestic politics, foreign affairs, socio-economic development," EconStor Open Access Articles and Book Chapters, ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics, pages 179-188.
    6. Kohnert, Dirk, 2017. "Togo: Political and Socio-Economic Development (2015 – 2017)," EconStor Open Access Articles and Book Chapters, ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics.
    7. Kohnert, Dirk, 2015. "Togo: recent political and economic development," MPRA Paper 62029, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    8. Kohnert, Dirk, 2019. "Togo -2018 : Politique intérieure, affaires étrangères, développement socio-économique [Author's version, in French] [Togo - 2018. In: Adetula, V. et al. (eds.), Africa Yearbook – Politics, economy," MPRA Paper 96970, University Library of Munich, Germany, revised 13 Nov 2019.
    9. Stanley Tweyman, 2022. "The Two Truths that Descartes Discovers in His Meditations on First Philosophy that Do Not Require the Divine Guarantee," European Journal of Social Sciences Articles, Revistia Research and Publishing, vol. 5, January -.
    10. Nahapetyan Yervand, 2019. "The benefits of the Velvet Revolution in Armenia: Estimation of the short-term economic gains using deep neural networks," Central European Economic Journal, Sciendo, vol. 53(6), pages 286-303, January.
    11. N'dri, Lasme Mathieu & Kakinaka, Makoto, 2020. "Financial inclusion, mobile money, and individual welfare: The case of Burkina Faso," Telecommunications Policy, Elsevier, vol. 44(3).
    12. Mavisakalyan, Astghik & Tarverdi, Yashar, 2019. "Gender and climate change: Do female parliamentarians make difference?," European Journal of Political Economy, Elsevier, vol. 56(C), pages 151-164.
    13. Kappel, Robert & Pfeiffer, Birte & Reisen, Helmut, 2017. "Compact with Africa: fostering private long-term investment in Africa," IDOS Discussion Papers 13/2017, German Institute of Development and Sustainability (IDOS).
    14. Alan R. Roe, 2018. "Extractive industries and development: Lessons from international experience for Mozambique," WIDER Working Paper Series 56, World Institute for Development Economic Research (UNU-WIDER).
    15. Croke,Kevin & Garcia Mora,Maria Elena & Goldstein,Markus P. & Mensah,Edouard Romeo & O'Sullivan,Michael B., 2020. "Up before Dawn : Experimental Evidence from a Cross-Border Trader Training at the Democratic Republic of Congo?Rwanda Border," Policy Research Working Paper Series 9123, The World Bank.
    16. Weigel, Moritz & Demissie, Alexander, 2017. "A new climate trilateralism? Opportunities for cooperation between the EU, China and African countries on addressing climate change," IDOS Discussion Papers 8/2017, German Institute of Development and Sustainability (IDOS).
    17. Pietrobelli, Carlo, 2019. "Modern industrial policy in Latin America: Lessons from cluster development policies," MERIT Working Papers 2019-031, United Nations University - Maastricht Economic and Social Research Institute on Innovation and Technology (MERIT).
    18. Régis Blazy & Nirjhar Nigam, 2019. "Corporate insolvency procedures in England: the uneasy case for liquidations," European Journal of Law and Economics, Springer, vol. 47(1), pages 89-123, February.
    19. Kohnert, Dirk, 2015. "Donor’s double talk undermines African agency: Comparative study of civic agency in Burkina Faso and Togo," EconStor Conference Papers 120921, ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics.
    20. Anthony Harris & Anthony D'Agostino & Sara Litke-Farzaneh & Beryl Seiler & Matt Sloan, "undated". "Morocco Land Productivity Project: Evaluation Design Report," Mathematica Policy Research Reports f3fc788501b64608b17e1cb23, Mathematica Policy Research.

    More about this item

    JEL classification:

    • F35 - International Economics - - International Finance - - - Foreign Aid
    • F52 - International Economics - - International Relations, National Security, and International Political Economy - - - National Security; Economic Nationalism
    • F54 - International Economics - - International Relations, National Security, and International Political Economy - - - Colonialism; Imperialism; Postcolonialism
    • N47 - Economic History - - Government, War, Law, International Relations, and Regulation - - - Africa; Oceania
    • N97 - Economic History - - Regional and Urban History - - - Africa; Oceania
    • O17 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development - - - Formal and Informal Sectors; Shadow Economy; Institutional Arrangements
    • O55 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economywide Country Studies - - - Africa
    • Z13 - Other Special Topics - - Cultural Economics - - - Economic Sociology; Economic Anthropology; Language; Social and Economic Stratification

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:osf:africa:hvrtm. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: OSF (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://osf.io/preprints/africarxiv/discover .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.