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Labour Market Mismatch and Labour Productivity: Evidence from PIAAC Data

Author

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  • Müge Adalet McGowan

    (OECD)

  • Dan Andrews

    (OECD)

Abstract

This paper explores the link between skill and qualification mismatch and labour productivity using cross-country industry data for 19 OECD countries. Utilising mismatch indicators aggregated from micro-data sourced from the recent OECD Survey of Adult Skills (PIAAC), the main results suggest that higher skill and qualification mismatch is associated with lower labour productivity, with over-skilling and under-qualification accounting for most of these impacts. A novel result is that higher skill mismatch is associated with lower labour productivity through a less efficient allocation of resources, presumably because when the share of over-skilled workers is higher, more productive firms find it more difficult to attract skilled labour and gain market shares at the expense of less productive firms. At the same time, a higher share of under-qualified workers is associated with both lower allocative efficiency and within-firm productivity – i.e. a lower ratio of high productivity to low productivity firms. While differences in managerial quality can potentially account for the relationship between mismatch and within-firm productivity, the paper offers some preliminary insights into the policy factors that might explain the link between skill mismatch and resource allocation. Inadéquation entre l'offre et la demande sur le marché du travail : observations à partir de l'étude PIAAC Ce Document de travail analyse la relation entre inadéquation des compétences et des qualifications et productivité du travail, à l’aide de données sectorielles internationales pour 19 pays de l’OCDE. Calculés à l’aide d’indicateurs agrégés à partir de micro-données empruntées à l’enquête PIAAC (Programme de l’OCDE pour l'évaluation internationale des compétences des adultes), les principaux résultats donnent à penser qu’un plus haut niveau d’inadéquation des compétences et des qualifications va de pair avec une productivité plus faible du travail, la surqualification et la sous-qualification constituant l’essentiel des effets observés. La nouveauté dans ces résultats tient au fait qu’une plus forte inadéquation des compétences va de pair avec une plus faible productivité du travail par une moindre efficience allocative, peut-être parce que lorsque la proportion de travailleurs surqualifiés est plus élevée, les entreprises les plus productives éprouvent plus de difficultés à attirer des personnes qualifiées et gagner des parts de marché sur les entreprises moins productives. Parallèlement, une plus forte proportion de main-d’oeuvre sous-qualifiée va de pair avec une moindre efficience allocative, mais aussi une moindre productivité intra-entreprise (c’est-à-dire que le ratio entreprises très productives/entreprises peu productives diminue). Si des différences de qualité de gestion d’entreprise peuvent peut-être expliquer la relation entre inadéquation et productivité intra-entreprise, ce Document de travail présente une analyse préliminaire des facteurs de politique publique qui pourraient expliquer le lien entre inadéquation des compétences et allocation des ressources.

Suggested Citation

  • Müge Adalet McGowan & Dan Andrews, 2015. "Labour Market Mismatch and Labour Productivity: Evidence from PIAAC Data," OECD Economics Department Working Papers 1209, OECD Publishing.
  • Handle: RePEc:oec:ecoaaa:1209-en
    DOI: 10.1787/5js1pzx1r2kb-en
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    allocation of talent; capital humain; distribution des compétences; education; human capital; inadéquation des compétences; inadéquation des qualifications; managerial quality; productivity; productivité; qualification mismatch; reallocation; redéploiement; éducation;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • I20 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Education - - - General
    • J20 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - General
    • J24 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - Human Capital; Skills; Occupational Choice; Labor Productivity
    • O40 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Growth and Aggregate Productivity - - - General

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