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Improving Well-Being in the United States

Author

Listed:
  • Aida Caldera Sánchez

    (OECD)

  • Patrick Lenain

    (OECD)

  • Sarah Flèche

    (Paris School of Economics)

Abstract

Life is quite good in the United States compared to other OECD countries, thanks to strong economic growth and technological progress having lifted average income to high levels. Nonetheless, there is evidence that the benefits from growth have not been sufficiently broad based. Self-reported happiness increases with income, an issue particularly resonant in a country with among the highest levels of income inequality in the OECD and a pattern of inequality that appears to be moving toward even more concentration at the very top at the expense of the middle class and the poor. Working hours that remain among the longest in the OECD are also creating challenges for work-life balances, child education, personal care and leisure. These pressures are contributing to higher job strain and work-related stress with unhealthy consequences, including for mental health, and a detrimental impact on employability and medical costs. While these trends cannot be easily reversed, a number of policy options are being usefully rolled out and other initiatives are being considered: federal-level policies improving access to health care and early-childhood education, state-level initiatives favouring workplace flexibility, firm-level investments in job quality and greater attention to the health consequences of job-stress. If successfully adopted, they would go a long way toward improving the well-being of American working families. This Working Paper relates to the 2014 OECD Economic Survey of United States (www.oecd.org/eco/surveys/United States). Améliorer le bien-être aux États-Unis Par comparaison avec d’autres pays de l'OCDE, il fait relativement bon vivre aux États-Unis grâce à une croissance économique soutenue et des progrès technologiques qui ont porté le revenu moyen à un niveau élevé. Néanmoins, des pans entiers de la population américaine n’ont pas tiré avantage de ces améliorations. Après deux décennies de stagnation des revenus du travail pour une majorité des travailleurs, à laquelle s’ajoutent les conséquences de la Grande récession, les familles de la classe moyenne doivent faire à des difficultés financières. La durée du travail aux États-Unis reste en outre l’une des plus longues de la zone OCDE, ce qui accentue les difficultés rencontrées par les Américains pour concilier vie professionnelle et vie privée, élever leurs enfants et se libérer du temps pour leurs loisirs et activités personnelles. Ces pressions contribuent à une augmentation des tensions et du stress au travail, qui ont des effets négatifs sur la santé, y compris mentale, ainsi que des conséquences néfastes sur l’employabilité et les coûts médicaux. S’il est difficile d’inverser ces tendances, plusieurs moyens d’action utiles sont actuellement mis en oeuvre, tandis que d’autres initiatives sont à l’étude : politiques fédérales améliorant l’accès aux soins de santé et à l’éducation préscolaire, initiatives menées par les États en faveur de la flexibilité au travail, investissements consentis par les entreprises pour améliorer la qualité des emplois et attention accrue accordée aux effets du stress au travail sur la santé. Si ces mesures sont effectivement adoptées, elles pourraient grandement contribuer à améliorer le bien-être des ménages américains qui travaillent. Ce Document de travail se rapporte à l'Étude économique de l'OCDE de États-Unis 2014 (www.oecd.org/eco/etudes/Etats Unis).

Suggested Citation

  • Aida Caldera Sánchez & Patrick Lenain & Sarah Flèche, 2014. "Improving Well-Being in the United States," OECD Economics Department Working Papers 1146, OECD Publishing.
  • Handle: RePEc:oec:ecoaaa:1146-en
    DOI: 10.1787/5jz0zbc80tvl-en
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Verena Lauber & Johanna Storck, 2016. "Helping with the Kids? How Family-Friendly Workplaces Affect Parental Well-Being and Behavior," SOEPpapers on Multidisciplinary Panel Data Research 883, DIW Berlin, The German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP).
    2. Verena Lauber & Johanna Storck, 2016. "Helping with the Kids? How Family-Friendly Workplaces Affect Parental Well-Being and Behavior," Discussion Papers of DIW Berlin 1630, DIW Berlin, German Institute for Economic Research.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    allocation et effets des programmes sociaux; education; job satisfaction; niveau et structure des salaires; provision and effects of welfare programmes; quality of life; qualité de vie; répartition du temps et offre de main d'oeuvre; satisfaction au travail; time allocation and labour supply; wage level and structure; éducation;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • I24 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Education - - - Education and Inequality
    • I30 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Welfare, Well-Being, and Poverty - - - General
    • I38 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Welfare, Well-Being, and Poverty - - - Government Programs; Provision and Effects of Welfare Programs
    • J22 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - Time Allocation and Labor Supply
    • J28 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - Safety; Job Satisfaction; Related Public Policy
    • J31 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs - - - Wage Level and Structure; Wage Differentials

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