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Making the Labour Market Work Better in Poland

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  • Hervé Boulhol

    (OECD)

Abstract

Poor labour-market outcomes remain one of Poland’s major structural weaknesses, impeding firms’ competitiveness and the nation’s potential output. Boosting employment prospects is also critical, as the country will soon be ageing at a fast pace. Despite long working hours, labour utilisation is only average due to structurally low employment rates, particularly at both ends of the age spectrum, with some marked regional differences. The female employment rate is especially low, in part due to poorly designed family and pension policies. Insufficient product-market competition and obstacles to internal mobility induce significant resource misallocation. Employment protection is not particularly stringent, but the labour market is nonetheless heavily segmented. This is likely to weigh on economic performance by limiting investment in human capital and making some specific groups bear a large share of adjustment costs. Public employment services suffer from a lack of resources and function inefficiently. Local labour offices have limited incentives to adopt best practices; the government plans to start benchmarking them. There is ample scope to tighten jobseeker obligations and reform social and tax policies to make work pay. This Working Paper relates to the 2014 OECD Economic Survey of Poland (www.oecd.org/eco/surveys/economic-survey-poland.htm). Améliorer le fonctionnement du marché du travail en Pologne Les résultats médiocres obtenus sur le front de l'emploi restent une des principales faiblesses structurelles de la Pologne, entravant la compétitivité des entreprises et la production potentielle du pays. Il est également crucial d'améliorer les perspectives d'emploi dans la mesure où la population va bientôt vieillir rapidement. Malgré le nombre élevé d'heures travaillées, le niveau d'utilisation de la main-d'oeuvre est seulement moyen en raison de la faiblesse structurelle des taux d'emploi, en particulier aux deux extrémités de l'échelle des âges, avec des différences régionales marquées. Le taux d'emploi des femmes est particulièrement bas, ce qui tient en partie aux défauts de conception des politiques familiales et du système de retraite. L'insuffisance de la concurrence sur les marchés de produits et les obstacles à la mobilité interne se traduisent par des problèmes importants d'affectation des ressources. La protection de l'emploi n'est pas particulièrement rigoureuse, mais le marché du travail n'en demeure pas moins fortement segmenté. Cela pèse probablement sur les performances de l'économie, en limitant l'investissement dans le capital humain et en faisant assumer à certains groupes une part importante des coûts d'ajustement aux chocs économiques. Les services publics de l'emploi pâtissent d'un manque de ressources et fonctionnent de manière inefficace. Les agences locales de l'emploi ne sont guère incitées à adopter les meilleures pratiques ; le gouvernement projette de commencer à les soumettre à des évaluations comparatives. Les autorités disposent d'amples marges de manoeuvre pour durcir les obligations imposées aux demandeurs d'emploi et réformer les politiques sociales et fiscales de manière à valoriser le travail. Ce Document de travail se rapporte à l’Étude économique de l’OCDE de la Pologne 2014 (www.oecd.org/fr/eco/etudes/etude-economique-pologne.htm).

Suggested Citation

  • Hervé Boulhol, 2014. "Making the Labour Market Work Better in Poland," OECD Economics Department Working Papers 1124, OECD Publishing.
  • Handle: RePEc:oec:ecoaaa:1124-en
    DOI: 10.1787/5jz2pwf4wd41-en
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Amine Samir, 2015. "Reflections On Employment Protection Legislation: An International Comparison," Comparative Economic Research, Sciendo, vol. 18(1), pages 119-130, March.
    2. Freshwater, David, 2017. "Znaczenie wzrostu atrakcyjności i możliwości zatrudnienia pozarolniczego dla małych gospodarstw rolnych," Village and Agriculture (Wieś i Rolnictwo), Polish Academy of Sciences (IRWiR PAN), Institute of Rural and Agricultural Development, vol. 3(176).

    More about this item

    Keywords

    chômage; education; emploi; employment; employment protection; employment service; labour market; labour market policies; marchés du travail; pensions; pensions; politique du marché du travail; protection de l'emploi; services de l'emploi; unemployment; éducation;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • J1 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demographic Economics
    • J13 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demographic Economics - - - Fertility; Family Planning; Child Care; Children; Youth
    • J21 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - Labor Force and Employment, Size, and Structure
    • J24 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - Human Capital; Skills; Occupational Choice; Labor Productivity
    • J26 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - Retirement; Retirement Policies
    • J31 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs - - - Wage Level and Structure; Wage Differentials
    • J65 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Mobility, Unemployment, Vacancies, and Immigrant Workers - - - Unemployment Insurance; Severance Pay; Plant Closings
    • J8 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Labor Standards

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