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Less of a Luxury: The Rise of Recreation since 1888

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Dora L. Costa

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Abstract

I show that recreation has become much more egalitarian over the last hundred years by estimating recreational expenditure elasticities in 1888-1890, 1917-1919, 1935-1936, 1972-1973, and 1991. I find that expenditure elasticities have fallen from around two at the beginning of the century to slightly more than one today and attribute this decline to rising incomes, declines in the price of recreation, and investment in public recreational goods. My findings have implications for trends in the well-being of the poor relative to the rich and for long-term trends" in work hours and labor force participation rates.

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Paper provided by National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc in its series NBER Working Papers with number 6054.

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Date of creation: Jun 1997
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Handle: RePEc:nbr:nberwo:6054

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Find related papers by JEL classification:
D12 - Microeconomics - - Household Behavior - - - Consumer Economics: Empirical Analysis
N11 - Economic History - - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics; Growth and Fluctuations - - - U.S.; Canada: Pre-1913

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  1. Levy, Frank & Murnane, Richard J, 1992. "U.S. Earnings Levels and Earnings Inequality: A Review of Recent Trends and Proposed Explanations," Journal of Economic Literature, American Economic Association, vol. 30(3), pages 1333-81, September. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  2. Rosen, Sherwin, 1981. "The Economics of Superstars," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 71(5), pages 845-58, December. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  3. Abbott, Michael & Ashenfelter, Orley, 1976. "Labour Supply, Commodity Demand and the Allocation of Time," Review of Economic Studies, Blackwell Publishing, vol. 43(3), pages 389-411, October. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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Cited by:
(explanations, Please report citation or reference errors to , or , if you are the registered author of the cited work, log in to your RePEc Author Service profile, click on "citations" and make appropriate adjustments.)

  1. Bruce W Hamilton, 1998. "The True Cost of Living: 1974 - 1991," Economics Working Paper Archive 395, The Johns Hopkins University,Department of Economics. [Downloadable!]
  2. Dora L. Costa, 1998. "The Unequal Work Day: A Long-Term View," NBER Working Papers 6419, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
    Other versions:
  3. Dora L. Costa, 1998. "The Wage and the Length of the Work Day: From the 1890s to 1991," NBER Working Papers 6504, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
    Other versions:
  4. Matthew J. Higgins & Daniel Levy & Andrew T. Young, 2005. "Growth and Convergence across the U.S.: Evidence from County-Level Data," Emory Economics 0529, Department of Economics, Emory University (Atlanta). [Downloadable!]
    Other versions:
  5. Canegrati, Emanuele, 2006. "The Single-Mindedness Theory: Micro-foundation and Applications to Social Security Systems," MPRA Paper 1223, University Library of Munich, Germany, revised Jun 2007. [Downloadable!]
  6. Daniel Miles & Andrés Pereyra & Máximo Rossi, 2002. "The consistent estimation of income elasticity of environmental amenities in Uruguay," Estudios Económicos, El Colegio de México, Centro de Estudios Económicos, vol. 17(1), pages 67-89. [Downloadable!]
  7. Young, Andrew & Higgins, Matthew & Levy, Daniel, 2006. "Heterogeneous Convergence," MPRA Paper 954, University Library of Munich, Germany. [Downloadable!]
    Other versions:
  8. Mark Aguiar & Erik Hurst, 2006. "Measuring Trends in Leisure: The Allocation of Time Over Five Decades," NBER Working Papers 12082, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
    Other versions:
  9. Leonard I. Nakamura, 2001. "Education and training in an era of creative destruction," Working Papers 00-13R, Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia. [Downloadable!]
  10. Máximo Rossi & Patricia Triunfo, 2004. "Gastar en Cuidados Médicos: ¿Es un Lujo para los Montevideanos?," Documentos de Trabajo (working papers) 0604, Department of Economics - dECON. [Downloadable!]
  11. Fleischer, Aliza & Rivlin, Judith, 2006. "Quality, Quantity And Time Issues In Demand For Vacations," Discussion Papers 7173, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Department of Agricultural Economics and Management. [Downloadable!]
  12. Mark Aguiar & Erik Hurst, 2006. "Measuring trends in leisure," Proceedings, Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco. [Downloadable!]
  13. Andrés Pereyra & Máximo Rossi, 1998. "Los bienes ambientales, ¿constituyen un bien de lujo?," Documentos de Trabajo (working papers) 1398, Department of Economics - dECON. [Downloadable!]
  14. Daniel Miles & Andrés Pereyra & Máximo Rossi, 2000. "Income Elasticity of Environmental Amenities," Documentos de Trabajo (working papers) 0200, Department of Economics - dECON. [Downloadable!]
  15. Jeremy Greenwood & Guillaume Vandenbroucke, 2005. "Hours Worked (Long-Run Trends)," Economie d'Avant Garde Research Reports 10, Economie d'Avant Garde. [Downloadable!]
    Other versions:
  16. Tarek Ghalwash, 2008. "Demand for Environmental Quality: An Empirical Analysis of Consumer Behavior in Sweden," Environmental & Resource Economics, European Association of Environmental and Resource Economists, vol. 41(1), pages 71-87, September. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  17. Brandon Dupont & Alka Gandhi & Thomas J. Weiss, 2008. "The American Invasion of Europe: The Long Term Rise in Overseas Travel, 1820-2000," NBER Working Papers 13977, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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