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AI Watch. Defining Artificial Intelligence. Towards an operational definition and taxonomy of artificial intelligence

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This report proposes an operational definition of artificial intelligence to be adopted in the context of AI Watch, the Commission knowledge service to monitor the development, uptake and impact of artificial intelligence for Europe. The definition, which will be used as a basis for the AI Watch monitoring activity, is established by means of a flexible scientific methodology that allows regular revision. The operational definition is constituted by a concise taxonomy and a list of keywords that characterise the core domains of the AI research field, and transversal topics such as applications of the former or ethical and philosophical considerations, in line with the wider monitoring objective of AI Watch. The AI taxonomy is designed to inform the AI landscape analysis and will expectedly detect AI applications in neighbour technological domains such as robotics (in a broader sense), neuroscience or internet of things. The starting point to develop the operational definition is the definition of AI adopted by the High Level Expert Group on artificial intelligence. To derive this operational definition we have followed a mixed methodology. On one hand, we apply natural language processing methods to a large set of AI literature. On the other hand, we carry out a qualitative analysis on 55 key documents including artificial intelligence definitions from three complementary perspectives: policy, research and industry. A valuable contribution of this work is the collection of definitions developed between 1955 and 2019, and the summarisation of the main features of the concept of artificial intelligence as reflected in the relevant literature.

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  • Sofia Samoili & Montserrat Lopez Cobo & Emilia Gomez & Giuditta De Prato & Fernando Martinez-Plumed & Blagoj Delipetrev, 2020. "AI Watch. Defining Artificial Intelligence. Towards an operational definition and taxonomy of artificial intelligence," JRC Research Reports JRC118163, Joint Research Centre.
    • Handle: RePEc:ipt:iptwpa:jrc118163
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    File URL: https://publications.jrc.ec.europa.eu/repository/handle/JRC118163
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    1. Giuditta De Prato & Montserrat Lopez Cobo & Sofia Samoili & Riccardo Righi & Miguel Vazquez Prada Baillet & Melisande Cardona, 2019. "The AI Techno-Economic Segment Analysis," JRC Research Reports JRC118071, Joint Research Centre.
    2. Sofia Samoili & Riccardo Righi & Melisande Cardona & Montserrat Lopez-Cobo & Miguel Vazquez-Prada Baillet & Giuditta De-Prato, 2020. "TES analysis of AI Worldwide Ecosystem in 2009-2018," JRC Research Reports JRC120106, Joint Research Centre.
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    Cited by:

    1. Hitesh Dhiman & Christoph Wächter & Michael Fellmann & Carsten Röcker, 2022. "Intelligent Assistants," Business & Information Systems Engineering: The International Journal of WIRTSCHAFTSINFORMATIK, Springer;Gesellschaft für Informatik e.V. (GI), vol. 64(5), pages 645-665, October.
    2. Matteo Sostero, 2020. "Automation and Robots in Services: Review of Data and Taxonomy," JRC Working Papers on Labour, Education and Technology 2020-14, Joint Research Centre.
    3. Fernando Martinez-Plumed & Jose Hernandez-Orallo & Emilia Gomez Gutierrez, 2020. "AI Watch: Methodology to Monitor the Evolution of AI Technologies," JRC Research Reports JRC120090, Joint Research Centre.
    4. Fernando Martinez-Plumed & Emilia Gomez Gutierrez & Jose Hernandez-Orallo, 2020. "AI Watch Assessing Technology Readiness Levels for Artificial Intelligence," JRC Research Reports JRC122014, Joint Research Centre.

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    Keywords

    artificial intelligence; ai watch; ai definition; ai taxonomy; ai keywords; industry; market; research;
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