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Performances économiques de l'agriculture familiale, patronale et d'entreprise. Comparaison à partir d'études de cas en Côte d'Ivoire

Author

Listed:
  • Samir El Ouaamari

    (AgroParisTech – UFR Agriculture comparée et développement agricole)

  • Pascal Tillie

    (European Commission – JRC)

  • Fatouma-Lucie Sanou
  • Viviane Treves
  • Constantin Girard
  • Sergio Gomez-Y-Paloma

    (European Commission – JRC)

  • Hubert Cochet

    (AgroParisTech – UFR Agriculture comparée et développement agricole)

Abstract

L'agriculture en Côte d'Ivoire est le fait de différents types de systèmes de production, qui différent grandement les uns et les autres, en termes de taille, d'accès aux ressources de production (travail, capital) ou encore de droits fonciers. Certaines régions combinent sur un même espace des systèmes de production familiaux, patronaux et d'entreprises, chacune de ces catégories pouvant d'ailleurs renfermer une grande diversité de systèmes. Par ailleurs, ces différentes exploitations n'évoluent pas en vase clos, loin de là, et elles interagissent et échangent connaissances, ressources et produits finis. Leur trajectoire de différenciation – en constante évolution – ne peut se comprendre que par une étude fine de leurs caractéristiques et de leurs relations les unes aux autres. Il en va de même pour l'étude de leurs performances économiques. L'objectif de ce projet de recherche, dont les principaux résultats sont rassemblés dans ce rapport, était donc d'analyser le fonctionnement économique de ces différents systèmes de production, et par conséquent leurs performances économiques comparées, à partir de trois études de cas en Côte d'Ivoire, concernant plus particulièrement la culture de l'hévéa, du palmier à huile et de la canne à sucre. Les résultats montrent l'importance de la prise en compte de tous les aspects des exploitations dans la réalisation de telles analyses : les performances "au champs" (rendement, marge brute) s'avérant de mauvais indicateurs de la performance finale. Nos résultats montrent la capacité de l'agriculture familiale à générer des revenus important alors même qu'elle reste très peu dotée en capital. Dans les trois régions étudiées de Côte d'Ivoire, les exploitations familiales sont parfaitement capables de rivaliser avec les exploitations patronales et industrielles voisines. Grâce à des systèmes de culture complexe, associant cultures pérennes et cultures vivrières, elles créent bien souvent plus de richesse par unité de surface ou de travail que les plus grandes exploitations. Ces dernières pâtissent de déséconomies d'échelles liées leur taille et aux coûts d'organisation du travail, ainsi que, dans le cas des plantations industrielles, de la poursuite d'une logique industrielle au détriment de la logique agricole. Les conclusions de ce travail ont d'importantes implications pour les bailleurs de fond ou les agences de développement.

Suggested Citation

  • Samir El Ouaamari & Pascal Tillie & Fatouma-Lucie Sanou & Viviane Treves & Constantin Girard & Sergio Gomez-Y-Paloma & Hubert Cochet, 2019. "Performances économiques de l'agriculture familiale, patronale et d'entreprise. Comparaison à partir d'études de cas en Côte d'Ivoire," JRC Research Reports JRC116258, Joint Research Centre.
  • Handle: RePEc:ipt:iptwpa:jrc116258
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    File URL: https://publications.jrc.ec.europa.eu/repository/handle/JRC116258
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Hubert Cochet, 2015. "Controverses sur l’efficacité économique des agricultures familiales : indicateurs pour une comparaison rigoureuse avec d’autres agricultures," Revue Tiers-Monde, Armand Colin, vol. 0(1), pages 9-25.
    2. Alain de Janvry, 1975. "The Political Economy of Rural Development in Latin America: An Interpretation," American Journal of Agricultural Economics, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association, vol. 57(3), pages 490-499.
    3. Carlos Oya, 2013. "The Land Rush and Classic Agrarian Questions of Capital and Labour: a systematic scoping review of the socioeconomic impact of land grabs in Africa," Third World Quarterly, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 34(9), pages 1532-1557, October.
    4. Jean-Philippe Colin & François Ruf, 2011. "Une économie de plantation en devenir. L'essor des contrats de planter-partager comme innovation institutionnelle dans les rapports entre autochtones et étrangers en côte d'ivoire," Revue Tiers-Monde, Armand Colin, vol. 0(3), pages 169-187.
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Food chain; Agricultural policy; Agricultural sector; Africa; Côte d'Ivoire;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • D13 - Microeconomics - - Household Behavior - - - Household Production and Intrahouse Allocation
    • Q11 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Agriculture - - - Aggregate Supply and Demand Analysis; Prices
    • Q12 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Agriculture - - - Micro Analysis of Farm Firms, Farm Households, and Farm Input Markets
    • Q13 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Agriculture - - - Agricultural Markets and Marketing; Cooperatives; Agribusiness
    • Q15 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Agriculture - - - Land Ownership and Tenure; Land Reform; Land Use; Irrigation; Agriculture and Environment
    • Q18 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Agriculture - - - Agricultural Policy; Food Policy; Animal Welfare Policy
    • N57 - Economic History - - Agriculture, Natural Resources, Environment and Extractive Industries - - - Africa; Oceania
    • O13 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development - - - Agriculture; Natural Resources; Environment; Other Primary Products

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