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Mudanças Institucionais e a Lógica de Expansão da Grande Empresa

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  • Luciana Acioly

Abstract

Este texto tem por objetivo analisar a lógica de expansão das corporações multinacionais e seus condicionantes, de modo a permitir uma leitura da dinâmica e das principais características dos fluxos globais de investimento direto externo (IDE) a partir dos anos 1980. Trata-se de uma resenha analítica de abordagem históricoteórica que procura levantar os principais elementos explicativos das mudanças ocorridas na natureza e na direção assumidas pelo IDE e pelo progresso técnico no período recente, quando comparadas à sua configuração entre o pós-guerra e o final dos anos 1970. Nessa direção, o texto está dividido da seguinte forma: além da introdução, a seção 2 descreve o processo de internacionalização da produção emergido no imediato pós-guerra, centrando seu foco na lógica expansiva da corporação multinacional sob o regime de Bretton Woods e estendendo a análise de 1950 até a subida das taxas de juros americanas em 1979. A seção 3 trata das mudanças ocorridas nessa lógica de expansão, a partir dos 1980, sob a emergência de um quadro institucional caracterizado pela globalização das finanças. Busca-se mostrar com esse corte temporal que os dois “ambientes institucionais” condicionaram diferentes estratégias de investimento e localização das corporações multinacionais, significando mudanças importantes nas regras do IDE e do comércio internacional. Na seção 4 são feitas algumas considerações sobre as principais características assumidas pelo IDE pós- 1980 à luz de algumas evidências empíricas. Na última seção serão retomados, à guisa de conclusões, os pontos abordados ao longo do texto. This paper analyzes the logic of expansion of multinational corporations and their determinants in order to understand the dynamics and the main features of global flows of foreign direct investment (FDI) from the eighties. This is an analytical review of historical and theoretical approach that seeks to raise the main factors explaining the changes in the nature and direction taken by foreign direct investment and by technical progress in the recent period, compared with its configuration from the post-war to the end of seventies. In this direction, the text is divided as follows: the first part describes the process of internationalization of production emerged in the immediate post-war, focusing on the logic of expansive multinational corporation under the Bretton Woods consensus, extending the analysis from 1950 until the rise of U.S. interest rates in 1979. The second part will deal with changes in the logic of multinational expansion from 1980, under the emergence of a new institutional framework characterized by globalization of finance. It aims to show that the two "institutional environments" conditioned different corporative strategies and investment location for multinational corporations related to main changes in the rules of FDI and international trade. The third part deals with some considerations about the main characteristics assumed by FDI post-1980 the light of some empirical evidence. In the final part some remarks will be taken for conclusions.

Suggested Citation

  • Luciana Acioly, 2009. "Mudanças Institucionais e a Lógica de Expansão da Grande Empresa," Discussion Papers 1419, Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada - IPEA.
  • Handle: RePEc:ipe:ipetds:1419
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Deepak Nayyar, 2000. "Capital Controls and the World Financial Authority: What Can We Learn from the Indian Experience?," SCEPA working paper series. 2000-12, Schwartz Center for Economic Policy Analysis (SCEPA), The New School.
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