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Inequality in Financial Inclusion and Income Inequality

Author

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  • Goksu Aslan
  • Ms. Corinne C Delechat
  • Ms. Monique Newiak
  • Mr. Fan Yang

Abstract

We investigate the link between gender inequality in financial inclusion and income inequality, with three contributions to the recent literature. First, using a micro-dataset covering 146,000 individuals in over 140 countries, we construct novel, synthetic indices of the intensity of financial inclusion at the individual and country level. Second, we derive the distribution of individual financial access “scores” across countries to document a “Kuznets”-curve in financial inclusion. Third, cross-country regressions confirm that our measure of inequality in financial access is significantly related to income inequality, above and beyond other factors previously highlighted in the literature.

Suggested Citation

  • Goksu Aslan & Ms. Corinne C Delechat & Ms. Monique Newiak & Mr. Fan Yang, 2017. "Inequality in Financial Inclusion and Income Inequality," IMF Working Papers 2017/236, International Monetary Fund.
    • Handle: RePEc:imf:imfwpa:2017/236
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Gutiérrez-Romero, Roxana & Ahamed, Mostak, 2021. "COVID-19 response needs to broaden financial inclusion to curb the rise in poverty," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 138(C).
    2. Mukta Mani, 2016. "Financial Inclusion in South Asia—Relative Standing, Challenges and Initiatives," South Asian Survey, , vol. 23(2), pages 158-179, September.
    3. Chei Bukari & Emm anuel Atta Anaman, 2021. "Corruption and firm innovation: a grease or sand in the wheels of commerce? Evidence from lower-middle and upper-middle income economies," Eurasian Business Review, Springer;Eurasia Business and Economics Society, vol. 11(2), pages 267-302, June.
    4. Isaac Koomson & Abdallah Abdul-Mumuni & Anthony Abbam, 2021. "Effect of financial inclusion on out-of-pocket health expenditure: empirics from Ghana," The European Journal of Health Economics, Springer;Deutsche Gesellschaft für Gesundheitsökonomie (DGGÖ), vol. 22(9), pages 1411-1425, December.
    5. Md Abdullah Omar & Kazuo Inaba, 2020. "Does financial inclusion reduce poverty and income inequality in developing countries? A panel data analysis," Journal of Economic Structures, Springer;Pan-Pacific Association of Input-Output Studies (PAPAIOS), vol. 9(1), pages 1-25, December.
    6. Lingui Qin & Syed Raheem & Muntasir Murshed & Xu Miao & Zeeshan Khan & Dervis Kirikkaleli, 2021. "Does financial inclusion limit carbon dioxide emissions? Analyzing the role of globalization and renewable electricity output," Sustainable Development, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 29(6), pages 1138-1154, November.
    7. Sawadogo, Relwendé & Semedo, Gervasio, 2021. "Financial inclusion, income inequality, and institutions in sub-Saharan Africa: Identifying cross-country inequality regimes," International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 167(C), pages 15-28.
    8. Nkambule, Maxwell Banele, 2022. "The financial inclusion status of rural households in Eswatini," Research Theses 334766, Collaborative Masters Program in Agricultural and Applied Economics.
    9. Isaac Koomson & Renato A. Villano & David Hadley, 2020. "Effect of Financial Inclusion on Poverty and Vulnerability to Poverty: Evidence Using a Multidimensional Measure of Financial Inclusion," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 149(2), pages 613-639, June.
    10. Mohamed Samy ElDeeb & Yasser Tawfik Halim & Esmat Mostafa Kamel, 2021. "The pillars determining financial inclusion among SMEs in Egypt: service awareness, access and usage metrics and macroeconomic policies," Future Business Journal, Springer, vol. 7(1), pages 1-19, December.
    11. Mostak Ahamed & Roxana Guti'errez-Romero, 2020. "COVID-19 response needs to broaden financial inclusion to curb the rise in poverty," Papers 2006.10706, arXiv.org.
    12. Margaret R. Magwedere & Joseph Chisasa & Godfrey Marozva, 2022. "Examining the Causal Relationship between Financial Intermediation and Poverty in Selected Developing Countries," International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, Econjournals, vol. 12(1), pages 75-84.
    13. Christian-Lambert Lambert Nguena & Prince Piva Asaloko, 2023. "Financial inclusion, growth and poverty: Evidence from Africa in COVID-19 era [Inclusion financière, croissance et pauvreté à l'ère de la Covid-19 en Afrique]," Post-Print hal-04150097, HAL.
    14. Xuanming Ji & Kun Wang & He Xu & Muchen Li, 2021. "Has Digital Financial Inclusion Narrowed the Urban-Rural Income Gap: The Role of Entrepreneurship in China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(15), pages 1-18, July.
    15. Thereza Balliester Reis, 2022. "Socio‐economic determinants of financial inclusion: An evaluation with a microdata multidimensional index," Journal of International Development, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 34(3), pages 587-611, April.
    16. Xu, Xiaoyan, 2020. "Trust and financial inclusion: A cross-country study," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 35(C).
    17. Haiying Liu & Avik Sinha & Mehmet Akif Destek & Majed Alharthi & Muhammad Wasif Zafar, 2022. "Moving toward sustainable development of sub‐Saharan African countries: Investigating the effect of financial inclusion on environmental quality," Sustainable Development, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 30(6), pages 2015-2024, December.
    18. Zelda Marquardt & Yuichi Ikeda, 2022. "Network Analysis of the Gender Gap in International Remittances by Migrants," The Review of Socionetwork Strategies, Springer, vol. 16(2), pages 337-376, October.
    19. Ms. Corinne C Delechat & Ms. Monique Newiak & Rui Xu & Mr. Fan Yang & Goksu Aslan, 2018. "What is Driving Women’s Financial Inclusion Across Countries?," IMF Working Papers 2018/038, International Monetary Fund.
    20. Vanessa S. Tchamyou, 2020. "Financial Access, Governance and the Persistence of Inequality in Africa: Mechanisms and Policy instruments," Working Papers of the African Governance and Development Institute. 20/027, African Governance and Development Institute..
    21. Sumanta Kumar Saha & Jie Qin, 2023. "Financial inclusion and poverty alleviation: an empirical examination," Economic Change and Restructuring, Springer, vol. 56(1), pages 409-440, February.
    22. de Moraes, Claudio Oliveira & Roquete, Raphael Moses & Gawryszewski, Gustavo, 2023. "Who needs cash? Digital finance and income inequality," The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 91(C), pages 84-93.
    23. Dircio-Palacios-Macedo, María del Carmen & Cruz-García, Paula & Hernández-Trillo, Fausto & Tortosa-Ausina, Emili, 2023. "Constructing a financial inclusion index for Mexican municipalities," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 52(C).
    24. Sheng Xu & Michael Asiedu & Nana Adwoa Anokye Effah, 2023. "Inclusive Finance, Gender Inequality, and Sustainable Economic Growth in Africa," Journal of the Knowledge Economy, Springer;Portland International Center for Management of Engineering and Technology (PICMET), vol. 14(4), pages 4866-4902, December.
    25. Koomson, Isaac & Danquah, Michael, 2021. "Financial inclusion and energy poverty: Empirical evidence from Ghana," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 94(C).

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