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Perubahan Struktural Pasar Tenaga Kerja Terkait Ekonomi Digital: Studi Kasus Jasa Transportasi Daring

Author

Listed:
  • Angsoka Yorintha Paundralingga

    (Bank Indonesia)

Abstract

Perkembangan teknologi digital menawarkan tren ekonomi baru dengan menghubungkan konsumen langsung kepada penyedia jasa. Dalam bidang transportasi, Go-Jek menjadi pionir pemanfaatan teknologi dalam jejaring (daring) dengan sangat masif, bahkan tidak hanya menghubungkan antara masyarakat yang membutuhkan dan pengemudi ojek, tetapi juga menghubungkan antara masyarakat dan UMKM. Penelitian ini menganalisis dampak yang ditimbulkan Go-Jek terhadap pasar tenaga kerja Indonesia. Jumlah pengemudi Go-Jek, baik Go-Jek mobil maupun motor dimodelkan terhadap beberapa variabel tenaga kerja: jumlah orang yang bekerja, jumlah pengangguran, dan tingkat pengangguran dengan variabel kontrol GDRP. Melalui analisis regresi panel dan cross-section, studi ini mengukur dampak Go-Jek di 22 provinsi, mulai dari periode 2015 sampai awal 2018. Hasil utama i studi ini adalah bahwa masuknya Go-Jek membawa dampak terhadap pasar tenaga kerja. Penambahan pengemudi Go-Jek berasosiasi dengan jumlah orang yang bekerja pada setiap titik waktu dalam sampel. Namun, penelitian ini mendapati penambahan pengemudi Go-Jek hanya memiliki dampak yang signifikan terhadap pengangguran pada awal implementasi Go-Jek. Hal itu terjadi karena sesudah implementasi Go-Jek memudahkan pekerja yang sudah memiliki pekerjaan di sektor formal berpindah kerja dengan daya tarik waktu kerja yang lebih fleksibel. Dengan demikian, Go-Jek mampu menjadi platform ekonomi alternatif penyerap tenaga kerja yang mampu meningkatkan fleksibilitas di pasar tenaga kerja.

Suggested Citation

  • Angsoka Yorintha Paundralingga, 2018. "Perubahan Struktural Pasar Tenaga Kerja Terkait Ekonomi Digital: Studi Kasus Jasa Transportasi Daring," Working Papers WP/4/2018, Bank Indonesia.
  • Handle: RePEc:idn:wpaper:wp42018
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    teknologi digital; perubahan teknologi; pasar tenaga kerja;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • R41 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - Transportation Economics - - - Transportation: Demand, Supply, and Congestion; Travel Time; Safety and Accidents; Transportation Noise
    • O33 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Innovation; Research and Development; Technological Change; Intellectual Property Rights - - - Technological Change: Choices and Consequences; Diffusion Processes
    • J23 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - Labor Demand

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