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Coût du capital et étude de rentabilité d'investissement : une formulation unique de l'ensemble des méthodes

Author

Listed:
  • Axel Pierru

    (IFPEN - IFP Energies nouvelles)

  • Denis Babusiaux

    (IFPEN - IFP Energies nouvelles)

Abstract

L'objectif de cet article est de présenter une vision nouvelle de la convergence et de l'unicité des méthodes traditionnelles permettant d'étudier la rentabilité d'investissements. Nous montrons que chacune de ces méthodes (Globale classique, Arditti-Levy, Fonds Propres, Flux Nets) correspond à un cas particulier d'une formulation unique, ce qui assure immédiatement leur cohérence. Outre l'égalité des Valeurs Actuelles Nettes quand le ratio d'endettement est défini par rapport à la valeur théorique du projet, nous en déduisons également la relation obtenue quand l'emprunt est initialement défini par référence au montant de l'investissement. Elle est complétée par une relation entre taux de rentabilité interne. Cette nouvelle approche permet aussi d'analyser, sous un angle nouveau, la relation devant exister entre le coût des capitaux propres d'une firme non endettée et le coût moyen après impôt du capital d'une firme endettée de même risque opérationnel pour que Valeur Actuelle Nette et "Adjusted Present Value" soient égales. Un résultat, nouveau à notre connaissance, est obtenu : la généralisation de la relation de Modigliani et Miller au cas d'un projet de durée quelconque. L'approche proposée est issue, de façon assez surprenante, de la formulation d'un problème particulier présenté en première section. Ce problème correspond à l'évaluation, par une entreprise employant une méthode classique de rentabilité globale, d'un projet d'investissement soumis à un taux d'imposition différent de celui utilisé pour le calcul du taux d'actualisation, lorsqu'il n'y a pas de consolidation fiscale ou dans les cas équivalents fréquents dans l'industrie pétrolière.

Suggested Citation

  • Axel Pierru & Denis Babusiaux, 2000. "Coût du capital et étude de rentabilité d'investissement : une formulation unique de l'ensemble des méthodes," Working Papers hal-02437423, HAL.
  • Handle: RePEc:hal:wpaper:hal-02437423
    Note: View the original document on HAL open archive server: https://ifp.hal.science/hal-02437423
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    References listed on IDEAS

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