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The value of tax shields IS equal to the present value of tax shields

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Author Info
Cooper, Ian A. () (London Business School)
Nyborg, Kjell G. () (Dept. of Finance and Management Science, Norwegian School of Economics and Business Administration)

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Abstract

Fernandez (2004b) argues that the present value effect of the tax saving on debt cannot be calculated as simply the present value of the tax shields associated with interest. This contradicts standard results in the literature. It implies that, even though the capital market is complete, value-additivity is violated. As a consequence, adjusted present value formulae of a standard sort cannot be used. Also, Fernandez’s argument implies that the value of the tax saving differs from conventional estimates by a considerable amount. We reconcile Fernandez’s results with standard valuation formulae for the tax saving from debt. We show that, as one would expect, the value of the debt tax saving is the present value of the tax savings from interest. The apparent violation of value-additivity in the Fernandez paper comes from mixing the Miles and Ezzell and Miller and Modigliani leverage policies.

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Publisher Info
Paper provided by Department of Finance and Management Science, Norwegian School of Economics and Business Administration in its series Discussion Papers with number 2005/14.

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Length: 16 pages
Date of creation: 22 Dec 2005
Date of revision:
Handle: RePEc:hhs:nhhfms:2005_014

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Related research
Keywords: Value of tax shields; Leverage policy; Adjusted present value; Unlevered beta; Cost of capital;

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Find related papers by JEL classification:
G12 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - Asset Pricing
G31 - Financial Economics - - Corporate Finance and Governance - - - Capital Budgeting; Investment Policy
G32 - Financial Economics - - Corporate Finance and Governance - - - Financing Policy; Capital and Ownership Structure

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References listed on IDEAS
Please report citation or reference errors to , or , if you are the registered author of the cited work, log in to your RePEc Author Service profile, click on "citations" and make appropriate adjustments.:
  1. Cooper, Ian A. & Nyborg, Kjell G., 2005. "Tax-adjusted discount rates with investor taxes and risky debt," Discussion Papers 2005/15, Department of Finance and Management Science, Norwegian School of Economics and Business Administration, revised 20 Sep 2007. [Downloadable!]
    Other versions:
  2. Richard S Ruback, 2002. "Capital Cash Flows: A Simple Approach to Valuing Risky Cash Flows," Financial Management, Financial Management Association, vol. 31(2), Summer.
  3. Robert A. Taggart & Jr., 1991. "Consistent valuation and Cost of Capital Expressions With Corporate and Personal Taxes," Financial Management, Financial Management Association, vol. 20(3), Fall.
  4. Myers, Stewart C, 1974. "Interactions of Corporate Financing and Investment Decisions-Implications for Capital Budgeting," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 29(1), pages 1-25, March. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  5. Fernandez, Pablo, 2004. "The value of tax shields is NOT equal to the present value of tax shields," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 73(1), pages 145-165, July. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
    Other versions:
  6. Grinblatt, Mark & Liu, Jun, 2008. "Debt policy, corporate taxes, and discount rates," Journal of Economic Theory, Elsevier, vol. 141(1), pages 225-254, July. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
    Other versions:
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(explanations, Please report citation or reference errors to , or , if you are the registered author of the cited work, log in to your RePEc Author Service profile, click on "citations" and make appropriate adjustments.)

  1. Fernandez, Pablo, 2005. "The value of tax shields with a fixed book-value leverage ratio," IESE Research Papers D/612, IESE Business School. [Downloadable!]
  2. Cooper, Ian A. & Nyborg, Kjell G., 2005. "Tax-adjusted discount rates with investor taxes and risky debt," Discussion Papers 2005/15, Department of Finance and Management Science, Norwegian School of Economics and Business Administration, revised 20 Sep 2007. [Downloadable!]
    Other versions:
  3. Fernandez, Pablo, 2007. "A more realistic valuation: APV and WACC with constant book leverage ratio," IESE Research Papers D/715, IESE Business School. [Downloadable!]
  4. Fernandez, Pablo, 2006. "A general formula for the WACC: A correction," IESE Research Papers D/663, IESE Business School. [Downloadable!]
  5. Fernandez, Pablo, 2005. "Valuing companies with a fixed book-value leverage ratio," IESE Research Papers D/614, IESE Business School. [Downloadable!]
  6. Voeller, Dennis & Overesch, Michael, 2008. "The Impact of Personal and Corporate Taxation on Capital Structure Choices," ZEW Discussion Papers 08-020, ZEW - Zentrum für Europäische Wirtschaftsforschung / Center for European Economic Research. [Downloadable!]
  7. Fernandez, Pablo, 2005. "The value of tax shields depends only on the net increases of debt," IESE Research Papers D/613, IESE Business School. [Downloadable!]
  8. Fernandez, Pablo, 2004. "Reply to "The value of tax shields is equal to the present value of tax shields"," IESE Research Papers D/576, IESE Business School. [Downloadable!]
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