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Les fonctions métropolitaines sont-elles de plus en plus métropolitaines ?

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  • Olivier Bouba-Olga

    (CRIEF [Poitiers] - Centre de recherche sur l'intégration économique et financière - UP - Université de Poitiers = University of Poitiers)

Abstract

L'objectif de cet article est d'analyser l'évolution de la géographie de l'emploi en France métropolitaine, en exploitant des données par fonction d'emploi à l'échelle des aires urbaines sur période longue, avec un focus particulier sur les fonctions dites métropolitaines. Nous mobilisons plus précisément les données issues des recensements de 1982, 1990, 1999, 2009 et 2014. Nous retenons la typologie opérée par l'Insee qui agrège les 486 PCS 2003 en 15 fonctions d'emploi, elles-mêmes agrégées en 4 grandes fonctions : fabrication concrète, fonctions métropolitaines, fonctions présentielles et fonctions transversales. Ces données sont exploitées pour trois ensembles d'aires urbaines : l'ensemble des aires urbaines (AU771), les 68 plus grandes aires urbaines (aires de plus de 50 000 emplois, notées AU68), ces mêmes aires urbaines hors aire urbaine de Paris (AU67). Compte-tenu de l'hypertrophie francilienne caractéristique de la géographie française, nous commençons par analyser l'évolution du poids de l'aire urbaine de Paris dans l'économie du pays : nous montrons qu'il recule pour 13 des 15 fonctions d'emploi, les baisses relatives les plus marquées concernant 4 des 5 fonctions métropolitaines. Nous estimons ensuite des lois d'échelle pour nous prononcer sur l'évolution de la hiérarchie urbaine française dans son ensemble. Nous montrons que la hiérarchie urbaine des fonctions métropolitaines est globalement stable sur la période. L'analyse des résultats pour le sous-ensemble des cadres des fonctions métropolitaines, plus hétérogènes, ne permettent pas d'apporter de conclusions sensiblement différentes. Au final, l'hypothèse d'un accroissement du processus de métropolisation paraît devoir être rejetée.

Suggested Citation

  • Olivier Bouba-Olga, 2018. "Les fonctions métropolitaines sont-elles de plus en plus métropolitaines ?," Working Papers hal-01777495, HAL.
  • Handle: RePEc:hal:wpaper:hal-01777495
    Note: View the original document on HAL open archive server: https://hal.science/hal-01777495
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Pierre Beckouche & Félix Damette, 1993. "Une grille d'analyse globale de l'emploi. Le partage géographique du travail," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 270(1), pages 37-50.
    2. Philippe Askenazy & Philippe Martin, 2015. "Promouvoir l’égalité des chances à travers le territoire," Post-Print halshs-01203571, HAL.
    3. Geoffrey B. West & James H. Brown & Brian J. Enquist, 1997. "A General Model for the Origin of Allometric Scaling Laws in Biology," Working Papers 97-03-019, Santa Fe Institute.
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