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L'économie politique

Author

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  • Daniel Dufourt

    (GREPH (LEPS EA 4148) - Groupe de recherche en épistémologie politique et historique - IEP Lyon - Sciences Po Lyon - Institut d'études politiques de Lyon - Université de Lyon)

Abstract

Quatre orientations distinctes, relatives à l'objet de la connaissance économique et à ses méthodes, ont prévalu depuis l'avènement de l'Économie politique en tant que discipline scientifique autonome, au milieu du XVIIIème siècle en France, sous l'impulsion de l'école physiocratique. La première, qui trouve sa source dans les oeuvres des économistes classiques anglais, notamment d'Adam Smith et de David Ricardo, lie l'analyse de la formation d'un excédent net de richesses au cours d'une période donnée, à des hypothèses théoriques fondamentales sur la place et le rôle des différentes catégories d'agents économiques dans la production, places et rôles qui fondent leur droit à une part déterminée du surplus. Cette orientation théorique se perpétue aujourd'hui dans l'oeuvre de Piero Sraffa (1960) et de ses adeptes 1. La seconde orientation théorique, plus attentive aux formes historiques et aux singularités nationales qui président à l'exercice des activités économiques, s'intéresse aux faits d'échange, onéreux ou non, qui accompagnent les transformations de la division sociale du travail. Illustrée au xix' siècle par les travaux de l'école historique allemande 2 , cette orientation se perpétue avec une inflexion significative de la réflexion vers l'analyse des cadres sociaux, notamment institutionnels, dans les travaux de l'école institutionnaliste aux États-Unis. En France, l'oeuvre de S.C. Kolm (1984), en dépit de son apparent syncrétisme, porte la marque d'interrogations qui l'inscrivent nettement dans ce courant.

Suggested Citation

  • Daniel Dufourt, 1993. "L'économie politique," Post-Print halshs-01273102, HAL.
    • Handle: RePEc:hal:journl:halshs-01273102
    Note: View the original document on HAL open archive server: https://shs.hal.science/halshs-01273102
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    References listed on IDEAS

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