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Bank debt and trade credit for SMEs in Europe: firm-, industry-, and country-level determinants

Author

Listed:
  • Guillaume Andrieu

    (MRM - Montpellier Research in Management - UPVM - Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 - UPVD - Université de Perpignan Via Domitia - Groupe Sup de Co Montpellier (GSCM) - Montpellier Business School - UM - Université de Montpellier, Groupe Sup de Co Montpellier (GSCM) - Montpellier Business School)

  • Raffaele Staglianò

    (MRM - Montpellier Research in Management - UPVM - Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 - UPVD - Université de Perpignan Via Domitia - Groupe Sup de Co Montpellier (GSCM) - Montpellier Business School - UM - Université de Montpellier, Universiteit Leiden = Leiden University)

  • Peter van Der Zwan

    (Erasmus University Rotterdam)

Abstract

This paper examines differences in the ability to obtain capital—bank loans and trade credit—between firms, industries, and countries using survey data on European small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) from 2009 to 2014. The results show that firm age and firm size are positively linked to SMEs' access to bank loans, but only firm size is positively related to the provision of trade credit. The results also provide empirical support for a complementary rather than a substitutive effect between bank loans and trade credit. Manufacturing SMEs have a significantly higher likelihood of receiving bank loans and trade credit than non-manufacturing SMEs. We find differences across countries in terms of the relevance of firm age and firm size for obtaining capital. In addition, we point at specific country-level variables that explain why obtaining credit is easier in some countries. We perform additional analyses to confirm our baseline results and provide directions for future research.

Suggested Citation

  • Guillaume Andrieu & Raffaele Staglianò & Peter van Der Zwan, 2018. "Bank debt and trade credit for SMEs in Europe: firm-, industry-, and country-level determinants," Post-Print hal-02044268, HAL.
    • Handle: RePEc:hal:journl:hal-02044268
    DOI: 10.1007/s11187-017-9926-y
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Pietro Grandi & Caroline Ninou Bozou, 2023. "Bank Market Power and Access to Credit: Bank-Firm Level Evidence From the Euro Area," Journal of Financial Services Research, Springer;Western Finance Association, vol. 63(1), pages 63-90, February.
    2. Andrés Rodríguez‐Pose & Roberto Ganau & Kristina Maslauskaite & Monica Brezzi, 2021. "Credit constraints, labor productivity, and the role of regional institutions: Evidence from manufacturing firms in Europe," Journal of Regional Science, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 61(2), pages 299-328, March.
    3. Pietro Grandi & Caroline Ninou Bozou, 2018. "Bank competition and firm credit availability: firm-bank evidence from Europe," Working Papers hal-01897744, HAL.
    4. Grandi, Pietro & Guille, Marianne, 2023. "Banks, deposit rigidity and negative rates," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 133(C).
    5. Aysan, Ahmet Faruk & Babacan, Mehmet & Gür, Nurullah & Süleyman, Selim, 2023. "Firm Size and Financing Behavior during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Evidence from SMEs in Istanbul," MPRA Paper 116300, University Library of Munich, Germany, revised 2023.
    6. Ekaterina A. Panova, 2020. "The Role of Trade Credit in Activities of Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises," Finansovyj žhurnal — Financial Journal, Financial Research Institute, Moscow 125375, Russia, issue 6, pages 126-135, December.
    7. Raffaella Calabrese & Claudia Girardone & Alex Sclip, 2021. "Financial fragmentation and SMEs’ access to finance," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 57(4), pages 2041-2065, December.
    8. Pierluigi Murro & Valentina Peruzzi, 2022. "Relationship lending and the use of trade credit: the role of relational capital and private information," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 59(1), pages 327-360, June.
    9. Roberto Ganau & Andrés Rodríguez-Pose, 2022. "Credit constraints in European SMEs: does regional institutional quality matter?," Applied Economics Letters, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 29(15), pages 1388-1392, September.
    10. Maurizio Rocca & Raffaele Staglianò & Tiziana Rocca & Alfio Cariola & Ekaterina Skatova, 2019. "Cash holdings and SME performance in Europe: the role of firm-specific and macroeconomic moderators," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 53(4), pages 1051-1078, December.
    11. Yang Yang & Xuezheng Chen & Jing Gu & Hamido Fujita, 2019. "Alleviating Financing Constraints of SMEs through Supply Chain," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(3), pages 1-19, January.
    12. Castellani, Davide & Giaretta, Elisa & Staglianò, Raffaele, 2022. "“Early-stage financing diversity and firms’ export intensity: a cross-country analysis”," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 44(C).
    13. Adilkhanova, Zarina & Nurlankul, Aruzhan & Token, Aizat & Yavuzoglu, Berk, 2022. "Trade credit and financial crises in Kazakhstan," Journal of Asian Economics, Elsevier, vol. 80(C).
    14. Sah, Nilesh B. & More, Deepak G., 2022. "Dual class firms and trade credit," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 46(PA).
    15. María-José Palacín-Sánchez & Francisco-Javier Canto-Cuevas & Filippo di-Pietro, 2019. "Trade credit versus bank credit: a simultaneous analysis in European SMEs," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 53(4), pages 1079-1096, December.
    16. Paola Bongini & Annalisa Ferrando & Emanuele Rossi & Monica Rossolini, 2021. "SME access to market-based finance across Eurozone countries," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 56(4), pages 1667-1697, April.
    17. Maria Cristina Arcuri & Raoul Pisani, 2021. "Is Trade Credit a Sustainable Resource for Medium-Sized Italian Green Companies?," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(5), pages 1-19, March.
    18. Bertrand, Jérémie & Murro, Pierluigi, 2022. "Firm–bank “odd couples” and trade credit: Evidence from Italian small- and medium-sized enterprises," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 111(C).
    19. Florian Horky & Nicola Tretter & Jarko Fidrmuc, 2021. "Are the pandemic and innovation twins? Perceived financial obstacles, innovations, and entrepreneurial success," Economic Research Guardian, Weissberg Publishing, vol. 11(2), pages 236-254, December.
    20. Stefano Filomeni & Michele Modina & Elena Tabacco, 2023. "Trade credit and firm investments: empirical evidence from Italian cooperative banks," Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting, Springer, vol. 60(3), pages 1099-1141, April.
    21. Farah Saerens & Stefanie Ceustermans, 2021. "Abbreviated or Micro-Entity Accounts? Effect of Financial Reporting Format on the Availability of Trade Credit," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(15), pages 1-18, July.
    22. Tang, Ying & Moro, Andrea, 2020. "Trade credit in China: Exploring the link between short term debt and payables," Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 59(C).

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