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La mobilité intergénérationnelle de revenus en France : une analyse comparative et géographique

Author

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  • Gustave Kenedi

    (LSE - London School of Economics and Political Science)

  • Louis Sirugue

    (PSE - Paris School of Economics - UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - ENS-PSL - École normale supérieure - Paris - PSL - Université Paris Sciences et Lettres - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - ENPC - École des Ponts ParisTech - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement, PJSE - Paris Jourdan Sciences Economiques - UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - ENS-PSL - École normale supérieure - Paris - PSL - Université Paris Sciences et Lettres - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - ENPC - École des Ponts ParisTech - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement, INED - Institut national d'études démographiques, IC Migrations - Institut Convergences Migrations [Aubervilliers])

Abstract

Présentation Dans quelle mesure les revenus des individus sont-ils liés à ceux de leurs parents ? Dans un contexte d'accroissement des inégalités économiques, cette question revêt une importance capitale pour apprécier l'égalité des chances au sein d'une société. Cette note examine la mobilité intergénérationnelle de revenus en France, en s'intéressant aux enfants nés dans les années 1970. À la différence des travaux existants pour la France, les auteurs mesurent les revenus au niveau du ménage, permettant de rendre compte plus fidèlement du positionnement socio-économique que le revenu individuel. Résultats clés La France se caractérise par une faible mobilité intergénérationnelle de revenus par rapport aux autres pays développés. Seuls 9,7% des enfants issus des 20% des ménages aux revenus les plus faibles se retrouvent parmi les 20% des ménages les plus aisés à l'âge adulte, soit 4 fois moins que les enfants des 20% des parents les plus aisés. La probabilité d'obtenir un diplôme de l'enseignement supérieur augmente fortement avec le revenu des parents. Les enfants de familles défavorisées ont 2,5 fois moins de chances d'obtenir un diplôme du supérieur que ceux issus de familles très favorisées. La mobilité intergénérationnelle varie considérablement sur le territoire et apparaît particulièrement corrélée au taux de chômage local. La mobilité géographique entre l'enfance et l'âge adulte est associée à une augmentation importante de la mobilité ascendante. Les individus nés de parents aux revenus les plus faibles et qui déménagent vers un département à hauts revenus atteignent en moyenne le même niveau de revenu que les enfants de familles aisées qui n'ont pas déménagé.

Suggested Citation

  • Gustave Kenedi & Louis Sirugue, 2023. "La mobilité intergénérationnelle de revenus en France : une analyse comparative et géographique," Institut des Politiques Publiques halshs-04439127, HAL.
  • Handle: RePEc:hal:ipppap:halshs-04439127
    Note: View the original document on HAL open archive server: https://shs.hal.science/halshs-04439127
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Cécile Bonneau & Sébastien Grobon, 2022. "Parental Income and Higher Education Patterns: Evidence From France," Documents de travail du Centre d'Economie de la Sorbonne 22005rr, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne (Paris 1), Centre d'Economie de la Sorbonne, revised Dec 2023.
    2. Cécile Bonneau & Sébastien Grobon, 2022. "Unequal access to higher education based on parental income: evidence from France ," World Inequality Lab Working Papers halshs-03693195, HAL.
    3. Raj Chetty & John N Friedman & Emmanuel Saez & Nicholas Turner & Danny Yagan, 2020. "Income Segregation and Intergenerational Mobility Across Colleges in the United States," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, President and Fellows of Harvard College, vol. 135(3), pages 1567-1633.
    4. Kenedi, Gustave & Sirugue, Louis, 2023. "Intergenerational income mobility in France: A comparative and geographic analysis," Journal of Public Economics, Elsevier, vol. 226(C).
    5. Cécile Bonneau & Sébastien Grobon, 2022. "Unequal Access to Higher Education Based on Parental Income: Evidence From France," Working Papers halshs-03573453, HAL.
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