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Modeling extreme events: time-varying extreme tail shape

Author

Listed:
  • Schwaab, Bernd
  • Zhang, Xin
  • Lucas, André

Abstract

We propose a dynamic semi-parametric framework to study time variation in tail parameters. The framework builds on the Generalized Pareto Distribution (GPD) for modeling peaks over thresholds as in Extreme Value Theory, but casts the model in a conditional framework to allow for time-variation in the tail shape parameters. The score-driven updates used improve the expected Kullback-Leibler divergence between the model and the true data generating process on every step even if the GPD only fits approximately and the model is mis-specified, as will be the case in any finite sample. This is confirmed in simulations. Using the model, we find that Eurosystem sovereign bond purchases during the euro area sovereign debt crisis had a beneficial impact on extreme upper tail quantiles, leaning against the risk of extremely adverse market outcomes while active. JEL Classification: C22, G11

Suggested Citation

  • Schwaab, Bernd & Zhang, Xin & Lucas, André, 2021. "Modeling extreme events: time-varying extreme tail shape," Working Paper Series 2524, European Central Bank.
    • Handle: RePEc:ecb:ecbwps:20212524
    Note: 955417
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    File URL: https://www.ecb.europa.eu//pub/pdf/scpwps/ecb.wp2524~beafe99abc.en.pdf
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. F. Blasques & S. J. Koopman & A. Lucas, 2015. "Information-theoretic optimality of observation-driven time series models for continuous responses," Biometrika, Biometrika Trust, vol. 102(2), pages 325-343.
    2. Boswijk, H. Peter & Cavaliere, Giuseppe & Georgiev, Iliyan & Rahbek, Anders, 2021. "Bootstrapping non-stationary stochastic volatility," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 224(1), pages 161-180.
    3. Jensen, Søren Tolver & Rahbek, Anders, 2004. "Asymptotic Inference For Nonstationary Garch," Econometric Theory, Cambridge University Press, vol. 20(6), pages 1203-1226, December.
    4. Huisman, Ronald, et al, 2001. "Tail-Index Estimates in Small Samples," Journal of Business & Economic Statistics, American Statistical Association, vol. 19(2), pages 208-216, April.
    5. Blasques, Francisco & Koopman, Siem Jan & Łasak, Katarzyna & Lucas, André, 2016. "In-sample confidence bands and out-of-sample forecast bands for time-varying parameters in observation-driven models," International Journal of Forecasting, Elsevier, vol. 32(3), pages 875-887.
    6. Drew Creal & Siem Jan Koopman & André Lucas, 2013. "Generalized Autoregressive Score Models With Applications," Journal of Applied Econometrics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 28(5), pages 777-795, August.
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Julien Hambuckers & Li Sun & Luca Trapin, 2023. "Measuring tail risk at high-frequency: An $L_1$-regularized extreme value regression approach with unit-root predictors," Papers 2301.01362, arXiv.org.
    2. Eric A. Beutner & Yicong Lin & Andre Lucas, 2023. "Consistency, distributional convergence, and optimality of score-driven filters," Tinbergen Institute Discussion Papers 23-051/III, Tinbergen Institute.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    dynamic tail risk; European Central Bank (ECB); extreme value theory; observation-driven models; Securities Markets Programme (SMP);
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • C22 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Single Equation Models; Single Variables - - - Time-Series Models; Dynamic Quantile Regressions; Dynamic Treatment Effect Models; Diffusion Processes
    • G11 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - Portfolio Choice; Investment Decisions

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