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Unit Roots and Identification in Autoregressive Panel Data Models: A Comparison of Alternative Tests

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Author Info
Stephen Bond (Institute for Fiscal Studies)
Céline Nauges (LEERNA-INRA Toulouse)
Frank Windmeijer (Institute for Fiscal Studies)

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Abstract

We compare the finite sample behaviour of various unit root tests for micro panels where the number of individuals is typically large, but the number of time periods is often very small. As in this case some econometric estimators do not identify the parameters of interest when the processes are random walks, it is important to test for unit roots/identification. We find that a t-test based on OLS estimation results provides a simple robust test with high power for cases when the variance of the unobserved heterogeneity is relatively small. Its behaviour is similar to the underidentification test as proposed by Arellano, Hansen and Sentana (1999) for the GMM estimator on a first-differenced model.

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Publisher Info
Paper provided by International Conferences on Panel Data in its series 10th International Conference on Panel Data, Berlin, July 5-6, 2002 with number C5-4.

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Date of creation: Mar 2002
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Handle: RePEc:cpd:pd2002:c5-4

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Related research
Keywords: Generalised Method of Moments; Identification; Unit Root Tests;

Find related papers by JEL classification:
C12 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Econometric and Statistical Methods: General - - - Hypothesis Testing
C23 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Single Equation Models; Single Variables - - - Models with Panel Data

This paper has been announced in the following NEP Reports:

References listed on IDEAS
Please report citation or reference errors to , or , if you are the registered author of the cited work, log in to your RePEc Author Service profile, click on "citations" and make appropriate adjustments.:
  1. Arellano, Manuel & Bond, Stephen, 1991. "Some Tests of Specification for Panel Data: Monte Carlo Evidence and an Application to Employment Equations," Review of Economic Studies, Blackwell Publishing, vol. 58(2), pages 277-97, April. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  2. Michael Binder, Cheng Hsiao, and M. Hashem Pesaran, 2001. "Estimation and Inference in Short Panel Vector Autoregressions with Unit Roots and Cointegration," Computing in Economics and Finance 2001 36, Society for Computational Economics. [Downloadable!]
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  3. Hansen, Lars Peter, 1982. "Large Sample Properties of Generalized Method of Moments Estimators," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 50(4), pages 1029-54, July. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  4. Breitung, Jorg & Meyer, Wolfgang, 1994. "Testing for Unit Roots in Panel Data: Are Wages on Different Bargaining Levels Cointegrated?," Applied Economics, Taylor and Francis Journals, vol. 26(4), pages 353-61, April.
  5. Douglas Staiger & James H. Stock, 1997. "Instrumental Variables Regression with Weak Instruments," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 65(3), pages 557-586, May.
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  6. Holtz-Eakin, Douglas & Newey, Whitney & Rosen, Harvey S, 1988. "Estimating Vector Autoregressions with Panel Data," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 56(6), pages 1371-95, November. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  7. Harris, R. & Tzavalis, E., 1996. "Inference for Unit Roots in Dynamic Panels," Discussion Papers 96/04, University of Exeter, School of Business and Economics.
  8. Nickell, Stephen J, 1981. "Biases in Dynamic Models with Fixed Effects," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 49(6), pages 1417-26, November. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  9. Frank Windmeijer, 2000. "A finite sample correction for the variance of linear two-step GMM estimators," IFS Working Papers W00/19, Institute for Fiscal Studies. [Downloadable!]
  10. R Blundell & Steven Bond, . "Initial conditions and moment restrictions in dynamic panel data model," Economics Papers W14&104., Economics Group, Nuffield College, University of Oxford. [Downloadable!]
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Cited by:
(explanations, Please report citation or reference errors to , or , if you are the registered author of the cited work, log in to your RePEc Author Service profile, click on "citations" and make appropriate adjustments.)

  1. Blandina Oliveira & Adelino Fortunato, 2003. "Testing Gibrat’s Law: Empirical Evidence from a Panel of Portuguese Manufacturing Firms," GEMF Working Papers 2003-07, GEMF - Faculdade de Economia, Universidade de Coimbra. [Downloadable!]
  2. Joerg Breitung & M. Hashem Pesaran, 2005. "Unit Roots and Cointegration in Panels," CESifo Working Paper Series CESifo Working Paper No. , CESifo Group Munich. [Downloadable!]
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  3. Edith Madsen, 2003. "Unit root inference in panel data models where the time-series dimension is fixed: A comparison of different tests," CAM Working Papers 2003-13, University of Copenhagen. Department of Economics. Centre for Applied Microeconometrics. [Downloadable!]
  4. Hugo Benítez-Silva & Debra S. Dwyer, 2003. "What to Expect when you are Expecting Rationality: Testing Rational Expectations using Micro Data," Working Papers wp037, University of Michigan, Michigan Retirement Research Center. [Downloadable!]
  5. Angelica Gonzalez, 2007. "Empirical Likelihood Estimation in Dynamic Panel Models," ESE Discussion Papers 168, Edinburgh School of Economics, University of Edinburgh. [Downloadable!]
  6. Hugo Benítez-Silva & Debra S. Dwyer, 2003. "Expectation Formation of Older Married Couples and the Rational Expectations Hypothesis," Working Papers wp062, University of Michigan, Michigan Retirement Research Center. [Downloadable!]
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  7. Paolo Epifani & Gino Gancia, 2008. "Openness, Government Size and the Terms of Trade," IEW - Working Papers iewwp359, Institute for Empirical Research in Economics - IEW. [Downloadable!]
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  8. Marc Suhrcke & Dieter M. Urban, 2006. "Are Cardiovascular Diseases Bad for Economic Growth?," CESifo Working Paper Series CESifo Working Paper No. , CESifo Group Munich. [Downloadable!]
  9. Ana M. Fernandes & Alberto E. Isgut, 2005. "Learning-by-Doing, Learning-by-Exporting, and Productivity: Evidence from Colombia," DEGIT Conference Papers c010_018, DEGIT, Dynamics, Economic Growth, and International Trade. [Downloadable!]
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  10. Paolo Epifani & Gino Gancia, 2005. "On Globalization and the Growth of Governments," Economics Working Papers 915, Department of Economics and Business, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, revised Jan 2008. [Downloadable!]
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  11. Eric Heyer & Florian Pelgrin & Arnaud Sylvain, 2004. "Capital Operating Time and Working Time in the Production Function: An Evaluation on a Panel of French Firms over the Period 1989-2001," Documents de Travail de l'OFCE 2004-09, Observatoire Francais des Conjonctures Economiques (OFCE). [Downloadable!]
  12. Edith Madsen, 2003. "Using GMM when testing for a unit root in panels where the time-series dimension is fixed," CAM Working Papers 2003-11, University of Copenhagen. Department of Economics. Centre for Applied Microeconometrics. [Downloadable!]
  13. Giovanni Peri, 2004. "Catching-Up to Foreign Technology? Evidence on the "Veblen-Gerschenkron" Effect of Foreign Investments," NBER Working Papers 10893, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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  14. Hugo Benítez-Silva & Debra Dwyer & Wayne-Roy Gayle & Thomas Muench, 2008. "Expectations in micro data: rationality revisited," Empirical Economics, Springer, vol. 34(2), pages 381-416, March. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  15. Hugo Benítez-Silva & Debra S. Dwyer & Wayne-Roy Gayle & Thomas J. Muench, 2003. "Expectations in Micro Data: Rationality Revisited," Working Papers wp059, University of Michigan, Michigan Retirement Research Center. [Downloadable!]
  16. Eric Heyer & Florian Pelgrin & Arnaud Sylvain, 2004. "Durées d’utilisation des facteurs et fonction de production : une estimation par la méthode des moments généralisés en système," Working Papers 04-12, Bank of Canada. [Downloadable!]
  17. Eric Heyer & Florian Pelgrin & Arnaud Sylvain, 2003. "Durées d’utilisation des facteurs et fonction de production : une estimation par la méthode des moments généralisés en système," Documents de Travail de l'OFCE 2003-06, Observatoire Francais des Conjonctures Economiques (OFCE). [Downloadable!]
  18. Angelica Gonzalez, 2007. "Empirical Likelihood: Improved Inference within Dynamic Panel Data Models," ESE Discussion Papers 154, Edinburgh School of Economics, University of Edinburgh. [Downloadable!]
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