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Regresión en la estructura productiva y la distribución del ingreso en América Latina: historia de una trayectoria truncada

Author

Listed:
  • Gonzalo Cómbita-Mora
  • Óscar Eduardo Pérez-Rodríguez
  • Jaime Edison Rojas-Mora

Abstract

Resumen Este artículo busca establecer una conexión teórica y empírica entre la distribución funcional del ingreso y el cambio estructural. En la parte teórica se recurre a una serie de autores heterodoxos que consideran no neutra la incidencia de la estructura productiva sobre la distribución. Respecto de lo empírico, se abordan las ocho economías más grandes de América Latina por actividad económica y se corrobora que estas, durante el periodo analizado, muestran una relación inversa entre la participación de los salarios en el PIB y el avance de la estructura productiva entendida como una convergencia de la productividad relativa a los países de la frontera tecnológica. A su vez, se encontró que la demanda agregada de los trabajadores es la que permite una mayor remuneración y empleo para sí mismos. Como la trayectoria reciente de estas economías ha sido la de una regresión en la estructura productiva, y por ende de la distribución del ingreso, se considera que no solo se ha bloqueado la convergencia a estructuras productivas más complejas y sofisticadas a los países de América Latina, sino que estos países se han bloqueado a sí mismos al adoptar con vehemencia las reformas de mercado que pulularon en la región luego de la debacle económica y social de los anos de 1980. Abstract This article seeks to establish a theoretical and empirical connection between functional distribution of income and structural change. In the theoretical component a series of unconventional authors that consider the incidence of the productive structure over distribution not neutral are consulted. As for the empirical aspect, the eight largest economies in Latin America are observed in what concerns economic activity and it is corroborated that they, during the period under analysis, show an inverse relation between salary participation in GDP and the advance of the productive structure understood as a convergence of productivity relative to the countries at the technological cutting edge. Likewise, it was found that the workers’ aggregate demand is what allows greater remuneration and employment for themselves. Given that the recent trajectory of these economies has been that of a regression in the productive structure, and thus of the distribution of income, it is considered that not only has there been a blockage of the convergence to more complex and sophisticated productive structures of the countries in Latin America, but also these countries have blocked themselves by feverously adopting the market reforms that were rife in the region soon after the economic and social debacle of the 1980s.

Suggested Citation

  • Gonzalo Cómbita-Mora & Óscar Eduardo Pérez-Rodríguez & Jaime Edison Rojas-Mora, 2021. "Regresión en la estructura productiva y la distribución del ingreso en América Latina: historia de una trayectoria truncada," Ensayos de Economía 19344, Universidad Nacional de Colombia Sede Medellín.
  • Handle: RePEc:col:000418:019344
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    File URL: https://revistas.unal.edu.co/index.php/ede/article/view/86477
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    distribución del ingreso; economía heterodoxa; cambio técnico; América Latina.;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • B5 - Schools of Economic Thought and Methodology - - Current Heterodox Approaches
    • D33 - Microeconomics - - Distribution - - - Factor Income Distribution
    • O3 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Innovation; Research and Development; Technological Change; Intellectual Property Rights
    • O4 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Growth and Aggregate Productivity

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