IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/p/arx/papers/2301.10734.html
   My bibliography  Save this paper

Valuation of the Convertible Bonds under Penalty TF model using Finite Element Method

Author

Listed:
  • Rakhymzhan Kazbek
  • Yogi Erlangga
  • Yerlan Amanbek
  • Dongming Wei

Abstract

In this paper, the TF system of two-coupled Black-Scholes equations for pricing the convertible bonds is solved numerically by using the P1 and P2 finite elements with the inequality constraints approximated by the penalty method. The corresponding finite element ODE system is numerically solved by using a modified Crank-Nicolson scheme, in which the non-linear system is solved at each time step by the Newton-Raphson method for non-smooth functions. Moreover, the corresponding Greeks are also calculated by taking advantage of the P1-P2 finite element approximation functions. Numerical solutions by the finite element method compare favorably with the solutions by the finite difference method in literature.

Suggested Citation

  • Rakhymzhan Kazbek & Yogi Erlangga & Yerlan Amanbek & Dongming Wei, 2023. "Valuation of the Convertible Bonds under Penalty TF model using Finite Element Method," Papers 2301.10734, arXiv.org.
    • Handle: RePEc:arx:papers:2301.10734
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://arxiv.org/pdf/2301.10734
    File Function: Latest version
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Ammann, Manuel & Kind, Axel & Wilde, Christian, 2008. "Simulation-based pricing of convertible bonds," Journal of Empirical Finance, Elsevier, vol. 15(2), pages 310-331, March.
    2. Ingersoll, Jonathan Jr., 1977. "A contingent-claims valuation of convertible securities," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 4(3), pages 289-321, May.
    3. Barone-Adesi, Giovanni & Bermudez, Ana & Hatgioannides, John, 2003. "Two-factor convertible bonds valuation using the method of characteristics/finite elements," Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, Elsevier, vol. 27(10), pages 1801-1831, August.
    4. Christara, Christina C. & Wu, Ruining, 2022. "Penalty and penalty-like methods for nonlinear HJB PDEs," Applied Mathematics and Computation, Elsevier, vol. 425(C).
    5. Brennan, M J & Schwartz, Eduardo S, 1977. "Convertible Bonds: Valuation and Optimal Strategies for Call and Conversion," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 32(5), pages 1699-1715, December.
    6. Brennan, Michael J. & Schwartz, Eduardo S., 1980. "Analyzing Convertible Bonds," Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, Cambridge University Press, vol. 15(4), pages 907-929, November.
    7. K. Milanov & O. Kounchev, 2012. "Binomial Tree Model for Convertible Bond Pricing within Equity to Credit Risk Framework," Papers 1206.1400, arXiv.org.
    8. Black, Fischer & Scholes, Myron S, 1973. "The Pricing of Options and Corporate Liabilities," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 81(3), pages 637-654, May-June.
    9. P. A. Forsyth & K. R. Vetzal & R. Zvan, 1999. "A finite element approach to the pricing of discrete lookbacks with stochastic volatility," Applied Mathematical Finance, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 6(2), pages 87-106.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Siddiqi, Mazhar A., 2009. "Investigating the effectiveness of convertible bonds in reducing agency costs: A Monte-Carlo approach," The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 49(4), pages 1360-1370, November.
    2. Jonathan A. Batten & Karren Lee-Hwei Khaw & Martin R. Young, 2014. "Convertible Bond Pricing Models," Journal of Economic Surveys, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 28(5), pages 775-803, December.
    3. Feng, Yun & Huang, Bing-hua & Young, Martin & Zhou, Qi-yuan, 2015. "Decomposing and valuing convertible bonds: A new method based on exotic options," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 47(C), pages 193-206.
    4. Laura Ballotta & Ioannis Kyriakou, 2015. "Convertible bond valuation in a jump diffusion setting with stochastic interest rates," Quantitative Finance, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 15(1), pages 115-129, January.
    5. Xiaoyu Tan & Zili Zhang & Xuejun Zhao & Shuyi Wang, 2022. "DeepPricing: pricing convertible bonds based on financial time-series generative adversarial networks," Financial Innovation, Springer;Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, vol. 8(1), pages 1-38, December.
    6. Zhou, Qi-Yuan & Wu, Chong-Feng & Feng, Yun, 2007. "Decomposing and valuing callable convertible bonds: a new method based on exotic options," MPRA Paper 7421, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    7. Yuriy Zabolotnyuk & Robert Jones & Chris Veld, 2010. "An Empirical Comparison of Convertible Bond Valuation Models," Financial Management, Financial Management Association International, vol. 39(2), pages 675-706, June.
    8. Kimura, Toshikazu & Shinohara, Toshio, 2006. "Monte Carlo analysis of convertible bonds with reset clauses," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 168(2), pages 301-310, January.
    9. Bajo, Emanuele & Barbi, Massimiliano, 2012. "The role of time value in convertible bond call policy," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 36(2), pages 550-563.
    10. Song-Ping Zhu & Jing Zhang, 2012. "How should a convertible bond be decomposed?," Decisions in Economics and Finance, Springer;Associazione per la Matematica, vol. 35(2), pages 113-149, November.
    11. Ammann, Manuel & Kind, Axel & Wilde, Christian, 2003. "Are convertible bonds underpriced? An analysis of the French market," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 27(4), pages 635-653, April.
    12. Agarwal, Vikas & Fung, William H. & Loon, Yee Cheng & Naik, Narayan Y., 2004. "Risk and return in convertible arbitrage: Evidence from the convertible bond market," CFR Working Papers 04-03, University of Cologne, Centre for Financial Research (CFR).
    13. Augusto Castillo, 2004. "Firm and Corporate Bond Valuation: A Simulation Dynamic Programming Approach," Latin American Journal of Economics-formerly Cuadernos de Economía, Instituto de Economía. Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile., vol. 41(124), pages 345-360.
    14. Jensen, Mads Vestergaard & Pedersen, Lasse Heje, 2016. "Early option exercise: Never say never," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 121(2), pages 278-299.
    15. Fan, Chenxi & Luo, Xingguo & Wu, Qingbiao, 2017. "Stochastic volatility vs. jump diffusions: Evidence from the Chinese convertible bond market," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 49(C), pages 1-16.
    16. Yang, Xiaofeng & Yu, Jinping & Xu, Mengna & Fan, Wenjing, 2018. "Convertible bond pricing with partial integro-differential equation model," Mathematics and Computers in Simulation (MATCOM), Elsevier, vol. 152(C), pages 35-50.
    17. Suresh M. Sundaresan, 2000. "Continuous‐Time Methods in Finance: A Review and an Assessment," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 55(4), pages 1569-1622, August.
    18. Marco Realdon, 2010. "After‐tax Valuation of Convertible Bonds and Participation Exemption," Economic Notes, Banca Monte dei Paschi di Siena SpA, vol. 39(3), pages 147-171, November.
    19. Ling, Yu-Xiu & Xie, Chi & Wang, Gang-Jin, 2022. "Interconnectedness between convertible bonds and underlying stocks in the Chinese capital market: A multilayer network perspective," Emerging Markets Review, Elsevier, vol. 52(C).
    20. Yoram Landskroner & Alon Raviv, 2008. "The valuation of inflation‐indexed and FX convertible bonds," Journal of Futures Markets, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 28(7), pages 634-655, July.

    More about this item

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:arx:papers:2301.10734. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: arXiv administrators (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://arxiv.org/ .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.