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A stochastic partial differential equation model for limit order book dynamics

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  • Rama Cont
  • Marvin S. Mueller

Abstract

We propose an analytically tractable class of models for the dynamics of a limit order book, described through a stochastic partial differential equation (SPDE) with multiplicative noise for the order book centered at the mid-price, along with stochastic dynamics for the mid-price which is consistent with the order flow dynamics. We provide conditions under which the model admits a finite dimensional realization driven by a (low-dimensional) Markov process, leading to efficient estimation and computation methods. We study two examples of parsimonious models in this class: a two-factor model and a model with mean-reverting order book depth. For each model we analyze in detail the role of different parameters, the dynamics of the price, order book depth, volume and order imbalance, provide an intuitive financial interpretation of the variables involved and show how the model reproduces statistical properties of price changes, market depth and order flow in limit order markets.

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  • Rama Cont & Marvin S. Mueller, 2019. "A stochastic partial differential equation model for limit order book dynamics," Papers 1904.03058, arXiv.org, revised May 2021.
    • Handle: RePEc:arx:papers:1904.03058
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Rama Cont & Arseniy Kukanov & Sasha Stoikov, 2014. "The Price Impact of Order Book Events," Journal of Financial Econometrics, Oxford University Press, vol. 12(1), pages 47-88.
    2. Álvaro Cartea & Ryan Donnelly & Sebastian Jaimungal, 2018. "Enhancing trading strategies with order book signals," Applied Mathematical Finance, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 25(1), pages 1-35, January.
    3. Julie Lyng Forman & Michael Sørensen, 2008. "The Pearson Diffusions: A Class of Statistically Tractable Diffusion Processes," Scandinavian Journal of Statistics, Danish Society for Theoretical Statistics;Finnish Statistical Society;Norwegian Statistical Association;Swedish Statistical Association, vol. 35(3), pages 438-465, September.
    4. Rama Cont & Sasha Stoikov & Rishi Talreja, 2010. "A Stochastic Model for Order Book Dynamics," Operations Research, INFORMS, vol. 58(3), pages 549-563, June.
    5. Ulrich Horst & Dorte Kreher, 2017. "Second order approximations for limit order books," Papers 1708.07394, arXiv.org, revised Mar 2018.
    6. Hugh Luckock, 2003. "A steady-state model of the continuous double auction," Quantitative Finance, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 3(5), pages 385-404.
    7. Eric Smith & J Doyne Farmer & Laszlo Gillemot & Supriya Krishnamurthy, 2003. "Statistical theory of the continuous double auction," Quantitative Finance, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 3(6), pages 481-514.
    8. Ulrich Horst & Dörte Kreher, 2018. "Second order approximations for limit order books," Finance and Stochastics, Springer, vol. 22(4), pages 827-877, October.
    9. Chávez-Casillas, Jonathan A. & Figueroa-López, José E., 2017. "A one-level limit order book model with memory and variable spread," Stochastic Processes and their Applications, Elsevier, vol. 127(8), pages 2447-2481.
    10. Rene Carmona & Kevin Webster, 2013. "The Self-Financing Equation in High Frequency Markets," Papers 1312.2302, arXiv.org.
    11. Ben Hambly & Jasdeep Kalsi & James Newbury, 2018. "Limit order books, diffusion approximations and reflected SPDEs: from microscopic to macroscopic models," Papers 1808.07107, arXiv.org, revised Jun 2019.
    12. Rama Cont, 2005. "Modeling Term Structure Dynamics: An Infinite Dimensional Approach," International Journal of Theoretical and Applied Finance (IJTAF), World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., vol. 8(03), pages 357-380.
    13. Ioannis Karatzas & Constantinos Kardaras, 2007. "The numéraire portfolio in semimartingale financial models," Finance and Stochastics, Springer, vol. 11(4), pages 447-493, October.
    14. Rama Cont & Adrien De Larrard, 2012. "Order book dynamics in liquid markets: limit theorems and diffusion approximations," Papers 1202.6412, arXiv.org.
    15. Marvin S. Mueller, 2016. "A stochastic Stefan-type problem under first-order boundary conditions," Papers 1601.03968, arXiv.org, revised Oct 2018.
    16. Andrei Kirilenko & Albert S. Kyle & Mehrdad Samadi & Tugkan Tuzun, 2017. "The Flash Crash: High-Frequency Trading in an Electronic Market," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 72(3), pages 967-998, June.
    17. Rama Cont & Adrien de Larrard, 2013. "Price Dynamics in a Markovian Limit Order Market," Post-Print hal-00552252, HAL.
    18. Frank Kelly & Elena Yudovina, 2018. "A Markov Model of a Limit Order Book: Thresholds, Recurrence, and Trading Strategies," Mathematics of Operations Research, INFORMS, vol. 43(1), pages 181-203, February.
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    Cited by:

    1. Leo Ardon & Nelson Vadori & Thomas Spooner & Mengda Xu & Jared Vann & Sumitra Ganesh, 2021. "Towards a fully RL-based Market Simulator," Papers 2110.06829, arXiv.org, revised Nov 2021.
    2. Nelson Vadori & Leo Ardon & Sumitra Ganesh & Thomas Spooner & Selim Amrouni & Jared Vann & Mengda Xu & Zeyu Zheng & Tucker Balch & Manuela Veloso, 2022. "Towards Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning driven Over-The-Counter Market Simulations," Papers 2210.07184, arXiv.org, revised Aug 2023.
    3. Zacharia Issa & Blanka Horvath & Maud Lemercier & Cristopher Salvi, 2023. "Non-adversarial training of Neural SDEs with signature kernel scores," Papers 2305.16274, arXiv.org.
    4. Bastien Baldacci & Philippe Bergault, 2021. "Optimal incentives in a limit order book: a SPDE control approach," Papers 2112.00375, arXiv.org, revised Oct 2022.
    5. Konark Jain & Nick Firoozye & Jonathan Kochems & Philip Treleaven, 2024. "Limit Order Book Simulations: A Review," Papers 2402.17359, arXiv.org, revised Mar 2024.
    6. Cassandra Milbradt & Dorte Kreher, 2022. "A cross-border market model with limited transmission capacities," Papers 2207.01939, arXiv.org, revised May 2023.

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