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Measuring And Monitoring The Efficiency Of Markets

Author

Listed:
  • DILIP B. MADAN

    (Robert H. Smith School of Business, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA)

  • WIM SCHOUTENS

    (Department of Mathematics, K.U. Leuven, Leuven, Belgium)

  • KING WANG

    (Derivative Product Strats, Morgan Stanley, 1585 Broadway, 5th floor, New York, 10036, USA)

Abstract

Market efficiency is measured by arbitrage proximity. The level of efficiency is calibrated by extent of a distortion of probability required to neutralize the drift. Simulations of bilateral gamma models estimated from past returns deliver for each asset on each day an empirical acceptability index. The assets covered include equities, commodities, currencies, volatility and hedge fund returns. It is observed that efficiency in equity is related to the process for up moves having more frequent and smaller jumps than its down side counterpart. For commodities the situation is reversed. Volatility indices trade more efficiently than equities, commodities, or currencies. Hedge fund returns reflect lower levels of efficiency supportive of hedge funds effectively exploiting market inefficiences. The relative inefficiency of the absence of trading is noted on comparing close to open with open to close returns. Small capitalization stocks trade more efficiently than the large ones. Sector exchange traded funds trade more efficiently than the S&P 500 index. Furthermore, economic activity reflected in greater high low spreads enhance market efficiency.

Suggested Citation

  • Dilip B. Madan & Wim Schoutens & King Wang, 2017. "Measuring And Monitoring The Efficiency Of Markets," International Journal of Theoretical and Applied Finance (IJTAF), World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., vol. 20(08), pages 1-32, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:wsi:ijtafx:v:20:y:2017:i:08:n:s0219024917500510
    DOI: 10.1142/S0219024917500510
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Dilip B. Madan & Peter P. Carr & Eric C. Chang, 1998. "The Variance Gamma Process and Option Pricing," Review of Finance, European Finance Association, vol. 2(1), pages 79-105.
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    7. Dilip B. Madan, 2016. "Benchmarking in two price financial markets," Annals of Finance, Springer, vol. 12(2), pages 201-219, May.
    8. Dilip Madan, 2012. "A two price theory of financial equilibrium with risk management implications," Annals of Finance, Springer, vol. 8(4), pages 489-505, November.
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    15. Philippe Artzner & Freddy Delbaen & Jean‐Marc Eber & David Heath, 1999. "Coherent Measures of Risk," Mathematical Finance, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 9(3), pages 203-228, July.
    16. Madan,Dilip & Schoutens,Wim, 2016. "Applied Conic Finance," Cambridge Books, Cambridge University Press, number 9781107151697.
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    18. Ernst Eberlein & Dilip B. Madan, 2012. "Unbounded liabilities, capital reserve requirements and the taxpayer put option," Quantitative Finance, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 12(5), pages 709-724, October.
    19. Madan, Dilip B., 2017. "Efficient estimation of expected stock price returns," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 23(C), pages 31-38.
    20. Peter Carr & Helyette Geman, 2002. "The Fine Structure of Asset Returns: An Empirical Investigation," The Journal of Business, University of Chicago Press, vol. 75(2), pages 305-332, April.
    21. Dilip B. Madan & Alexander Cherny, 2010. "Markets As A Counterparty: An Introduction To Conic Finance," International Journal of Theoretical and Applied Finance (IJTAF), World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., vol. 13(08), pages 1149-1177.
    22. Alexander Cherny & Dilip Madan, 2009. "New Measures for Performance Evaluation," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 22(7), pages 2371-2406, July.
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    Cited by:

    1. Dilip B. Madan & King Wang, 2023. "Measuring Dependence in a Set of Asset Returns," Asia-Pacific Financial Markets, Springer;Japanese Association of Financial Economics and Engineering, vol. 30(2), pages 363-385, June.
    2. Dilip B. Madan & Wim Schoutens, 2019. "Equilibrium Asset Returns In Financial Markets," International Journal of Theoretical and Applied Finance (IJTAF), World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., vol. 22(02), pages 1-43, March.
    3. Dilip B. Madan & King Wang, 2023. "The valuation of corporations: a derivative pricing perspective," Annals of Finance, Springer, vol. 19(1), pages 1-21, March.
    4. Dilip B. Madan & Wim Schoutens, 2019. "Arbitrage Free Approximations to Candidate Volatility Surface Quotations," JRFM, MDPI, vol. 12(2), pages 1-21, April.
    5. Dilip B. Madan & Wim Schoutens & King Wang, 2020. "Bilateral multiple gamma returns: Their risks and rewards," International Journal of Financial Engineering (IJFE), World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., vol. 7(01), pages 1-27, March.
    6. Robert J. Elliott & Dilip B. Madan & Tak Kuen Siu, 2021. "Two price economic equilibria and financial market bid/ask prices," Annals of Finance, Springer, vol. 17(1), pages 27-43, March.
    7. Dilip B. Madan & Wim Schoutens, 2020. "Self‐similarity in long‐horizon returns," Mathematical Finance, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 30(4), pages 1368-1391, October.
    8. Dilip B. Madan & King Wang, 2022. "Two sided efficient frontiers at multiple time horizons," Annals of Finance, Springer, vol. 18(3), pages 327-353, September.

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