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Stochastic Dominance And Behavior Towards Risk: The Market For Ishares

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  • DOMINIC GASBARRO

    (Murdoch Business School, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch 6150, Australia)

  • WING-KEUNG WONG

    (Department of Economics, Hong Kong Baptist University, WLB, Shaw Campus, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong)

  • J. KENTON ZUMWALT

    (Department of Finance and Real Estate, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA)

Abstract

Prospect theory suggests that risk seeking can occur when investors face losses and thus an S-shaped utility function can be useful in explaining investor behavior. Using stochastic dominance procedures, Post and Levy (2015) find evidence of reverse S-shaped utility functions. This is consistent with investors exhibiting risk-seeking tendencies in bull markets and risk aversion in bear markets. We use both ascending and descending stochastic dominance procedures to test for risk-averse and risk-seeking behavior. By partitioning iShares' return distributions into negative and positive return regions, we find evidence of all four utility functions: concave, convex, S-shaped and reverse S-shaped.

Suggested Citation

  • Dominic Gasbarro & Wing-Keung Wong & J. Kenton Zumwalt, 2012. "Stochastic Dominance And Behavior Towards Risk: The Market For Ishares," Annals of Financial Economics (AFE), World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., vol. 7(01), pages 1-20.
    • Handle: RePEc:wsi:afexxx:v:07:y:2012:i:01:n:s2010495212500054
    DOI: 10.1142/S2010495212500054
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Zhidong Bai & Yongchang Hui & Wing-Keung Wong & Ričardas Zitikis, 2012. "Prospect Performance Evaluation: Making a Case for a Non-asymptotic UMPU Test," Journal of Financial Econometrics, Oxford University Press, vol. 10(4), pages 703-732, September.
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    Cited by:

    1. Guo, Xu & Wong, Wing-Keung & Zhu, Lixing, 2013. "Make Almost Stochastic Dominance really Almost," MPRA Paper 49745, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    2. Le Ngoc Thuy Trang & Do Thi Thanh Nhan & Nguyen Thi Nhu Hao & Wing-Keung Wong, 2021. "Does Bank Liquidity Risk Lead To Bank'S Operational Efficiency? A Study In Vietnam," Advances in Decision Sciences, Asia University, Taiwan, vol. 25(4), pages 46-88, December.
    3. GUORUI BIAN & MICHAEL McALEER & WING-KEUNG WONG, 2013. "Robust Estimation And Forecasting Of The Capital Asset Pricing Model," Annals of Financial Economics (AFE), World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., vol. 8(02), pages 1-18.
    4. Lean, Hooi Hooi & McAleer, Michael & Wong, Wing-Keung, 2015. "Preferences of risk-averse and risk-seeking investors for oil spot and futures before, during and after the Global Financial Crisis," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 40(C), pages 204-216.
    5. Tai-Yuen Hon & Massoud Moslehpour & Kai-Yin Woo, 2021. "Review on Behavioral Finance with Empirical Evidence," Advances in Decision Sciences, Asia University, Taiwan, vol. 25(4), pages 15-41, December.
    6. Chia-Lin Chang & Michael McAleer & Wing-Keung Wong, 2015. "Behavioural, Financial, and Health & Medical Economics: A Connection," Documentos de Trabajo del ICAE 2015-14, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Empresariales, Instituto Complutense de Análisis Económico.
    7. Chia-Lin Chang & Michael McAleer & Wing-Keung Wong, 2018. "Big Data, Computational Science, Economics, Finance, Marketing, Management, and Psychology: Connections," JRFM, MDPI, vol. 11(1), pages 1-29, March.
    8. Moawia Alghalith & Xu Guo & Wing-Keung Wong & Lixing Zhu, 2016. "A General Optimal Investment Model In The Presence Of Background Risk," Annals of Financial Economics (AFE), World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., vol. 11(01), pages 1-8, March.
    9. Chia-Lin Chang & Michael McAleer & Wing-Keung Wong, 2018. "Decision Sciences, Economics, Finance, Business, Computing, And Big Data: Connections," Advances in Decision Sciences, Asia University, Taiwan, vol. 22(1), pages 36-94, December.
    10. Kim-Hung Pho & Tuan-Kiet Tran & Thi Diem-Chinh Ho & Wing-Keung Wong, 2019. "Optimal Solution Techniques in Decision Sciences A Review," Advances in Decision Sciences, Asia University, Taiwan, vol. 23(1), pages 114-161, March.
    11. Chia-Lin Chang & Michael McAleer & Wing-Keung Wong, 2016. "Management science, economics and finance: A connection," Documentos de Trabajo del ICAE 2016-07, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Empresariales, Instituto Complutense de Análisis Económico.
    12. Chang, C-L. & McAleer, M.J. & Wong, W.-K., 2018. "Decision Sciences, Economics, Finance, Business, Computing, and Big Data: Connections," Econometric Institute Research Papers 18-024/III, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Erasmus School of Economics (ESE), Econometric Institute.
    13. Fathi Abid & Pui Lam Leung & Mourad Mroua & Wing Keung Wong, 2014. "International Diversification Versus Domestic Diversification: Mean-Variance Portfolio Optimization and Stochastic Dominance Approaches," JRFM, MDPI, vol. 7(2), pages 1-22, May.
    14. Kim-Hung Pho & Thi Diem-Chinh Ho & Tuan-Kiet Tran & Wing-Keung Wong, 2019. "Moment Generating Function, Expectation And Variance Of Ubiquitous Distributions With Applications In Decision Sciences: A Review," Advances in Decision Sciences, Asia University, Taiwan, vol. 23(2), pages 65-150, June.
    15. Chia-Lin Chang & Michael McAleer & Wing-Keung Wong, 2018. "Big Data, Computational Science, Economics, Finance, Marketing, Management, and Psychology: Connections," Journal of Risk and Financial Management, MDPI, Open Access Journal, vol. 11(1), pages 1-29, March.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Ascending stochastic dominance; descending stochastic dominance; risk aversion; risk seeking; prospect theory; behavioral finance; JEL Classifications: G11; JEL Classifications: G15;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • G11 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - Portfolio Choice; Investment Decisions
    • G15 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - International Financial Markets

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