IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/wsi/afexxx/v13y2018i03ns2010495218500112.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Time Diversification: Perspectives From The Economic Index Of Riskiness

Author

Listed:
  • RICHARD LU

    (Department of Risk Management and Insurance, Feng Chia University, Seatwen, Taichung 40724, Taiwan, R. O. China)

  • CHEN-CHEN YANG

    (Ph.D. Program of Finance, Feng Chia University, Seatwen, Taichung 40724, Taiwan, R. O. China)

  • WING-KEUNG WONG

    (Department of Finance, Asia University, No. 500, Lioufeng Road, Wufeng, Taichung 41354, Taiwan, R. O. China4Research Center of FinTech and BlockChain, Asia University, No. 500, Lioufeng Road, Wufeng, Taichung 41354, Taiwan, R. O. China5AU Big Data Research Center, Asia University, No. 500, Lioufeng Road, Wufeng, Taichung 41354, Taiwan, R. O. China6Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, No. 2, Yude Road, North District, Taichung 40447, Taiwan, R. O. China7Department of Economics and Finance, Hang Seng Management College, Hang Shin Link, Siu Lek Yuen, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong8Department of Economics, Lingnan University, 8 Castle Peak Road, Tuen Mun, New Territories, Hong Kong)

Abstract

Time diversification which is the idea of there being less riskiness over longer investment horizons is examined in this paper. Different from previous studies, this paper contributes to the literature by using the Aumann and Serrano index as a risk measure to examine whether there is any time diversification in stock investment by using the daily returns of S&P 500, S&P 400, and NASDAQ with both short and long holding periods and by using the block bootstrapping technique in the simulation. The advantage of using the Aumann and Serrano index as a risk measure is that it satisfies the monotonicity with respect to stochastic dominance while most of other risk measures do not. From the returns of short (long) holding periods, we conclude that, in general, the riskiness of the shorter (longer) period is statistically greater than that of the longer (shorter) period. Our findings reject the hypothesis of no time diversification effect and reject the geometric Brownie motion process for the returns of different holding periods. The results could be due to short- and medium-term momentums and long-term contrarian. Our findings are useful to academics, investors, and policy makers in their decision-making related to time diversification.

Suggested Citation

  • Richard Lu & Chen-Chen Yang & Wing-Keung Wong, 2018. "Time Diversification: Perspectives From The Economic Index Of Riskiness," Annals of Financial Economics (AFE), World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., vol. 13(03), pages 1-15, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:wsi:afexxx:v:13:y:2018:i:03:n:s2010495218500112
    DOI: 10.1142/S2010495218500112
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.worldscientific.com/doi/abs/10.1142/S2010495218500112
    Download Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1142/S2010495218500112?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to look for a different version below or search for a different version of it.

    Other versions of this item:

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Niu, Cuizhen & Guo, Xu & McAleer, Michael & Wong, Wing-Keung, 2018. "Theory and application of an economic performance measure of risk," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 56(C), pages 383-396.
    2. Richard Lu & Chen-Chen Yang & Wing-Keung Wong, 2018. "Time Diversification: Perspectives From The Economic Index Of Riskiness," Annals of Financial Economics (AFE), World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., vol. 13(03), pages 1-15, September.
    3. Robert J. Aumann & Roberto Serrano, 2008. "An Economic Index of Riskiness," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 116(5), pages 810-836, October.
    4. Guo, Xu & McAleer, Michael & Wong, Wing-Keung & Zhu, Lixing, 2017. "A Bayesian approach to excess volatility, short-term underreaction and long-term overreaction during financial crises," The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 42(C), pages 346-358.
    5. Zhidong Bai & Yongchang Hui & Wing-Keung Wong & Ričardas Zitikis, 2012. "Prospect Performance Evaluation: Making a Case for a Non-asymptotic UMPU Test," The Journal of Financial Econometrics, Society for Financial Econometrics, vol. 10(4), pages 703-732, September.
    6. Xu Guo & Cuizhen Niu & Wing-Keung Wong, 2019. "Farinelli and Tibiletti ratio and stochastic dominance," Risk Management, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 21(3), pages 201-213, September.
    7. Moawia Alghalith & Xu Guo & Wing-Keung Wong & Lixing Zhu, 2016. "A General Optimal Investment Model In The Presence Of Background Risk," Annals of Financial Economics (AFE), World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., vol. 11(01), pages 1-8, March.
    8. Guo, Xu & Wong, Wing-Keung, 2016. "Multivariate Stochastic Dominance for Risk Averters and Risk Seekers," MPRA Paper 70637, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    9. Frank J. Fabozzi & Chun-Yip Fung & Kin Lam & Wing-Keung Wong, 2013. "Market overreaction and underreaction: tests of the directional and magnitude effects," Applied Financial Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 23(18), pages 1469-1482, September.
    10. Guo, Xu & Wong, Wing-Keung & Zhu, Lixing, 2016. "Almost stochastic dominance for risk averters and risk seeker," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 19(C), pages 15-21.
    11. Farinelli, Simone & Tibiletti, Luisa, 2008. "Sharpe thinking in asset ranking with one-sided measures," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 185(3), pages 1542-1547, March.
    12. Moawia Alghalith & Xu Guo & Cuizhen Niu & Wing-Keung Wong, 2017. "Input Demand Under Joint Energy and Output Prices Uncertainties," Asia-Pacific Journal of Operational Research (APJOR), World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., vol. 34(04), pages 1-12, August.
    13. Xu Guo & Andreas Wagener & Wing-Keung Wong & Lixing Zhu, 2018. "The two-moment decision model with additive risks," Risk Management, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 20(1), pages 77-94, February.
    14. Xu Guo & Xuejun Jiang & Wing-Keung Wong, 2017. "Stochastic Dominance and Omega Ratio: Measures to Examine Market Efficiency, Arbitrage Opportunity, and Anomaly," Economies, MDPI, vol. 5(4), pages 1-16, October.
    15. Paul A. Samuelson, 2011. "Lifetime Portfolio Selection by Dynamic Stochastic Programming," World Scientific Book Chapters, in: Leonard C MacLean & Edward O Thorp & William T Ziemba (ed.), THE KELLY CAPITAL GROWTH INVESTMENT CRITERION THEORY and PRACTICE, chapter 31, pages 465-472, World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd..
    16. Homm, Ulrich & Pigorsch, Christian, 2012. "Beyond the Sharpe ratio: An application of the Aumann–Serrano index to performance measurement," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 36(8), pages 2274-2284.
    17. Wong, Wing-Keung, 2007. "Stochastic dominance and mean-variance measures of profit and loss for business planning and investment," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 182(2), pages 829-843, October.
    18. Cuizhen Niu & Wing-Keung Wong & Qunfang Xu, 2017. "Kappa ratios and (higher-order) stochastic dominance," Risk Management, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 19(3), pages 245-253, August.
    19. Ma, Chenghu & Wong, Wing-Keung, 2010. "Stochastic dominance and risk measure: A decision-theoretic foundation for VaR and C-VaR," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 207(2), pages 927-935, December.
    20. Lam, Kin & Liu, Taisheng & Wong, Wing-Keung, 2010. "A pseudo-Bayesian model in financial decision making with implications to market volatility, under- and overreaction," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 203(1), pages 166-175, May.
    21. Amnon Schreiber, 2014. "Economic indices of absolute and relative riskiness," Economic Theory, Springer;Society for the Advancement of Economic Theory (SAET), vol. 56(2), pages 309-331, June.
    22. Chen, Yi-Ting & Ho, Keng-Yu & Tzeng, Larry Y., 2014. "Riskiness-minimizing spot-futures hedge ratio," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 40(C), pages 154-164.
    23. Wong, Wing-Keung, 2007. "Stochastic dominance and mean-variance measures of profit and loss for business planning and investment," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 182(2), pages 829-843, October.
    24. Wing-Keung Wong & Chenghu Ma, 2008. "Preferences over location-scale family," Economic Theory, Springer;Society for the Advancement of Economic Theory (SAET), vol. 37(1), pages 119-146, October.
    25. Bai, Zhidong & Phoon, Kok Fai & Wang, Keyan & Wong, Wing-Keung, 2013. "The performance of commodity trading advisors: A mean-variance-ratio test approach," The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 25(C), pages 188-201.
    26. Schnytzer, Adi & Westreich, Sara, 2013. "A global index of riskiness," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 118(3), pages 493-496.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Nguyen Huu Hau & Tran Trung Tinh & Hoa Anh Tuong & Wing-Keung Wong, 2020. "Review of Matrix Theory with Applications in Education and Decision Sciences," Advances in Decision Sciences, Asia University, Taiwan, vol. 24(1), pages 28-69, March.
    2. Le Ngoc Thuy Trang & Do Thi Thanh Nhan & Nguyen Thi Nhu Hao & Wing-Keung Wong, 2021. "Does Bank Liquidity Risk Lead To Bank'S Operational Efficiency? A Study In Vietnam," Advances in Decision Sciences, Asia University, Taiwan, vol. 25(4), pages 46-88, December.
    3. Kim-Hung Pho & Ngoc-Hien Nguyen & Huu-Nhan Huynh & Wing-Keung Wong, 2021. "A Detailed Guide on How to Use Statistical Software R for Text Mining," Advances in Decision Sciences, Asia University, Taiwan, vol. 25(3), pages 92-110, September.
    4. Richard Lu & Chen-Chen Yang & Wing-Keung Wong, 2018. "Time Diversification: Perspectives From The Economic Index Of Riskiness," Annals of Financial Economics (AFE), World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., vol. 13(03), pages 1-15, September.
    5. Wenjing Xie & João Paulo Vieito & Ephraim Clark & Wing-Keung Wong, 2020. "Could Mergers Become More Sustainable? A Study of the Stock Exchange Mergers of NASDAQ and OMX," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(20), pages 1-25, October.
    6. Tran Thai Ha Nguyen & Massoud Moslehpour & Thi Thuy Van Vo & Wing-Keung Wong, 2020. "State Ownership and Risk-Taking Behavior: An Empirical Approach to Get Better Profitability, Investment, and Trading Strategies for Listed Corporates in Vietnam," Economies, MDPI, vol. 8(2), pages 1-21, June.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Nguyen Huu Hau & Tran Trung Tinh & Hoa Anh Tuong & Wing-Keung Wong, 2020. "Review of Matrix Theory with Applications in Education and Decision Sciences," Advances in Decision Sciences, Asia University, Taiwan, vol. 24(1), pages 28-69, March.
    2. Chia-Lin Chang & Michael McAleer & Wing-Keung Wong, 2018. "Decision Sciences, Economics, Finance, Business, Computing, and Big Data: Connections," Tinbergen Institute Discussion Papers 18-024/III, Tinbergen Institute.
    3. Chia-Lin Chang & Michael McAleer & Wing-Keung Wong, 2018. "Decision Sciences, Economics, Finance, Business, Computing, And Big Data: Connections," Advances in Decision Sciences, Asia University, Taiwan, vol. 22(1), pages 36-94, December.
    4. Chia-Lin Chang & Michael McAleer & Wing-Keung Wong, 2018. "Big Data, Computational Science, Economics, Finance, Marketing, Management, and Psychology: Connections," JRFM, MDPI, vol. 11(1), pages 1-29, March.
    5. Chang, C-L. & McAleer, M.J. & Wong, W.-K., 2018. "Management Information, Decision Sciences, and Financial Economics : a connection," Econometric Institute Research Papers 2018-004/III, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Erasmus School of Economics (ESE), Econometric Institute.
    6. Chia-Lin Chang & Michael McAleer & Wing-Keung Wong, 2018. "Big Data, Computational Science, Economics, Finance, Marketing, Management, and Psychology: Connections," Journal of Risk and Financial Management, MDPI, Open Access Journal, vol. 11(1), pages 1-29, March.
    7. Kim-Hung Pho & Thi Diem-Chinh Ho & Tuan-Kiet Tran & Wing-Keung Wong, 2019. "Moment Generating Function, Expectation And Variance Of Ubiquitous Distributions With Applications In Decision Sciences: A Review," Advances in Decision Sciences, Asia University, Taiwan, vol. 23(2), pages 65-150, June.
    8. Kim-Hung Pho & Tuan-Kiet Tran & Thi Diem-Chinh Ho & Wing-Keung Wong, 2019. "Optimal Solution Techniques in Decision Sciences A Review," Advances in Decision Sciences, Asia University, Taiwan, vol. 23(1), pages 114-161, March.
    9. Wenjing Xie & João Paulo Vieito & Ephraim Clark & Wing-Keung Wong, 2020. "Could Mergers Become More Sustainable? A Study of the Stock Exchange Mergers of NASDAQ and OMX," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(20), pages 1-25, October.
    10. Xu Guo & Raymond H. Chan & Wing-Keung Wong & Lixing Zhu, 2019. "Mean–variance, mean–VaR, and mean–CVaR models for portfolio selection with background risk," Risk Management, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 21(2), pages 73-98, June.
    11. Zhihui Lv & Amanda M. Y. Chu & Wing Keung Wong & Thomas C. Chiang, 2021. "The maximum-return-and-minimum-volatility effect: evidence from choosing risky and riskless assets to form a portfolio," Risk Management, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 23(1), pages 97-122, June.
    12. Xu Guo & Cuizhen Niu & Wing-Keung Wong, 2019. "Farinelli and Tibiletti ratio and stochastic dominance," Risk Management, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 21(3), pages 201-213, September.
    13. Raymond H. Chan & Ephraim Clark & Xu Guo & Wing-Keung Wong, 2020. "New development on the third-order stochastic dominance for risk-averse and risk-seeking investors with application in risk management," Risk Management, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 22(2), pages 108-132, June.
    14. Guo, Xu & McAleer, Michael & Wong, Wing-Keung & Zhu, Lixing, 2017. "A Bayesian approach to excess volatility, short-term underreaction and long-term overreaction during financial crises," The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 42(C), pages 346-358.
    15. Niu, Cuizhen & Wong, Wing-Keung & Zhu, Lixing, 2016. "First Stochastic Dominance and Risk Measurement," MPRA Paper 75027, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    16. Fathi Abid & Pui Lam Leung & Mourad Mroua & Wing Keung Wong, 2014. "International Diversification Versus Domestic Diversification: Mean-Variance Portfolio Optimization and Stochastic Dominance Approaches," JRFM, MDPI, vol. 7(2), pages 1-22, May.
    17. Wong, W.-K. & Lean, H.H. & McAleer, M.J. & Tsai, F.-T., 2018. "Why did Warrant Markets Close in China but not Taiwan?," Econometric Institute Research Papers EI2018-22, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Erasmus School of Economics (ESE), Econometric Institute.
    18. Niu, Cuizhen & Wong, Wing-Keung & Xu, Qunfang, 2017. "Higher-Order Risk Measure and (Higher-Order) Stochastic Dominance," MPRA Paper 75948, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    19. Xu Guo & Xuejun Jiang & Wing-Keung Wong, 2017. "Stochastic Dominance and Omega Ratio: Measures to Examine Market Efficiency, Arbitrage Opportunity, and Anomaly," Economies, MDPI, vol. 5(4), pages 1-16, October.
    20. Cuizhen Niu & Wing-Keung Wong & Qunfang Xu, 2017. "Kappa ratios and (higher-order) stochastic dominance," Risk Management, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 19(3), pages 245-253, August.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    Time diversification; economic index of riskiness; investment horizon;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • G11 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - Portfolio Choice; Investment Decisions

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:wsi:afexxx:v:13:y:2018:i:03:n:s2010495218500112. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Tai Tone Lim (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.worldscinet.com/afe/afe.shtml .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.