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Patterns Of Energy Consumption By The Rural And Urban Poor In Developing Countries

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  • Joy Dunkerley

Abstract

From the rudimentary data available on the domestic energy consumption of the urban and rural poor in developing countries it appears that consumption by the poor in much of the developing world is at bare subsistence levels. Despite generally higher incomes, the domestic energy consumption of the urban poor appears to be no higher in Btu terms than that of the rural poor due to the more thermally efficient fuel supplies used by the urban poor. A further tentative conclusion is that for similar reasons related to the changing efficiency of the fuel supply system, energy consumption measured in quantity terms rises within a given area by less than the rise in income at lower income levels. As incomes rise there is a tendency to switch to more efficient fuels in a manner analogous to the contrast in energy consumption patterns between urban and rural areas. Thus a rising demand for energy services can be accomodated by a less than proportionate gross input. En examinant les données rudimentaires dont on dispose sur la consommation domestique en énergie des classes urbaines et rurales défavorisées des pays en développement, il ressort que la consommation de ces classes dans la plupart de ces pays se situe à des niveaux de simple subsistence. Malgré des revenus généralement plus élevés, la consommation domestique en énergie des classes urbaines défavorisées ne semble pas étre supérieure en termes d'unités thermiques britanniques à celle des classes rurales défavorisées en raison d'approvisionnements en combustibles thermiques à meilleur rendement dans les villes. Une autre conclusion provisoire envisage que pour des raisons similaires ayant trait aux fluctuations de l'efficacité du système d'approvisionnement en combustibles, la consommation énergétique mesurée en termes quantitatifs augments dans une zone donnée moins rapidement que les revenus aux échelons inférieurs. Au fur et à mesure que les revenus progressent, la tendance à utiliser des combustibles a meilleur rendement reflète le même contraste existant dans les modes de consommation en énergie entre les zones urbaines et rurales. On peut donc satisfaire les besoins croissants en matière d'énergie par des coûts de production proportionnellement moins élevés. Por los datos rudimentarios disponibles sobre el consumo doméstico de energía de los estratos probres rural y urbano de los países en desarrollo, parece ser que dicho consumo está en los límites del nivel de subsistencia. A pesar del relativo mayor ingreso de los estratos pobres urbanos, el consumo de energía de éstos no parece ser, en términos fíisicos, mayor que la de los estratos pobres rurales debido a que aquellos emplean combustibles que pueden usarse con mayor eficiencia térmica. Otra conclusión tentativa es que debido a razones similares a esta disparidad de eficiencia, la cantidad de energía consumida en un sector pobre aumenta en una proporción menor que el aumento del ingreso. En forma análoga a la deferencia entre las tendencias de consumo entre grupos ru rales y urbanos, a mayores niveles de ingreso en una misma área hay una tendencia a usar combustibles más eficientes. Como resultado una demanda creciente de energía puede ser satisfecha con un amento proporcionalmente menor de suministrode combustible.

Suggested Citation

  • Joy Dunkerley, 1979. "Patterns Of Energy Consumption By The Rural And Urban Poor In Developing Countries," Natural Resources Forum, Blackwell Publishing, vol. 3(4), pages 349-363, July.
  • Handle: RePEc:wly:natres:v:3:y:1979:i:4:p:349-363
    DOI: 10.1111/j.1477-8947.1979.tb00426.x
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Streeten, Paul & Burki, Shahid Javed, 1978. "Basic needs: Some issues," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 6(3), pages 411-421, March.
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    1. Shaligram Pokharel & Muthu Chandrashekar, 1995. "Analysis of cooking energy in developing countries," Natural Resources Forum, Blackwell Publishing, vol. 19(4), pages 331-337, November.

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